Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55 Str., 81-712 Sopot, Poland.
Department of Genetics and Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55 Str., 81-712 Sopot, Poland.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2022 Jun;268:111207. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111207. Epub 2022 Mar 28.
The skin being a passive biological barrier that defends the organism against harmful external factors is also a site of action of the system responding to stress. It appears that melatonin (Mel) and its biologically active metabolite AFMK (N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine), both known as effective antioxidants, together with cortisol, set up a local (cutaneous) stress response system (CSRS) of fish, similar to that of mammals. Herein we comment on recent studies on CSRS in fish and show the response of three-spined stickleback skin to oxidative stress induced by potassium dichromate. Our study indicates that exposure of the three-spined stickleback to KCrO affects Mel and cortisol levels and pigment dispersion in melanophores in the skin. In our opinion, an increased concentration of Mel and cortisol in the skin may be the strategy to cope with oxidative stress, where both components act locally to prevent damage caused by active oxygen molecules. Furthermore, the pigment dispersion may be a valuable, easy-to-observe mark of oxidative stress, useful in the evaluation of fish welfare.
皮肤作为一种被动的生物屏障，可保护机体免受有害的外部因素侵害，同时也是对压力系统做出反应的部位。褪黑素（Mel）及其生物活性代谢产物 AFMK（N1-乙酰基-N2-甲酰-5-甲氧基色氨酸）均为有效的抗氧化剂，它们与皮质醇一起在鱼类中建立了局部（皮肤）应激反应系统（CSRS），类似于哺乳动物的 CSRS。本文我们对鱼类 CSRS 的最新研究进行了评论，并展示了三刺鱼皮肤对重铬酸钾诱导的氧化应激的反应。我们的研究表明，三刺鱼暴露于 KCrO 会影响皮肤中的 Mel 和皮质醇水平以及黑色素细胞中的色素分散。我们认为，皮肤中 Mel 和皮质醇浓度的增加可能是应对氧化应激的策略，这两种成分在局部发挥作用，以防止活性氧分子造成的损伤。此外，色素分散可能是一种有价值的、易于观察的氧化应激标志物，可用于评估鱼类福利。
