Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China.
Poultry Science Institute, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China; Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chongqing 402460, China.
Poult Sci. 2022 May;101(5):101814. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101814. Epub 2022 Feb 25.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of ambient temperature on the growth performance, fat deposition, and intestinal morphology of geese from 28 to 49 d of age. A total of 120 twenty-eight-day-old geese were randomly allotted to 5 environmentally controlled chambers with ambient temperatures set at 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30°C from 28 to 49 d of age, respectively. The feed intake, 49 d body weight, and weight gain decreased linearly or quadratically (P < 0.05) as ambient temperature increased and declined to a minimum when the temperature increased to 30°C. The feed/gain showed a linear or quadratic (P < 0.05) increasing response to increasing temperature. According to broken-line regression, the upper critical levels of ambient temperature from 28 to 49 d of age for weight gain and feed intake were 25.19 and 23.97°C, respectively. As ambient temperature increased from 18 to 30°C, the abdominal fat weight, abdominal fat rate, and subcutaneous fat thickness decreased linearly (P < 0.05) and were accompanied by linearly increasing liver fat content (P < 0.05), but the ambient temperature had no effect on intermuscular fat width or breast muscle fat content (P > 0.05). There were no differences in jejunal, ileal, or cecal morphology for geese raised at 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30°C (P > 0.05). The duodenal villus height showed a linear decreasing response to increasing ambient temperature, but the ambient temperature had no effect on crypt depth, villus width, muscularis thickness, or villus height/crypt depth of the duodenum (P > 0.05). These results indicate that high ambient temperature decreased growth performance and fat deposition and impaired duodenal morphology of geese. Under our experimental conditions, we recommend that the upper critical ambient temperature for geese from 28 to 49 d of age be 25.19°C.
本研究旨在探讨环境温度对 28 至 49 日龄鹅生长性能、脂肪沉积和肠道形态的影响。将 120 只 28 日龄鹅随机分配到 5 个环境控制室，环境温度分别设定为 18、21、24、27 和 30°C，从 28 日龄至 49 日龄。随着环境温度的升高，饲料摄入量、49 日龄体重和体重增加呈线性或二次曲线（P＜0.05）下降，当温度升高到 30°C 时降至最低。随着温度的升高，饲料/增重呈线性或二次（P＜0.05）增加。根据折线回归，28 至 49 日龄体重和饲料摄入量的环境温度上限分别为 25.19°C 和 23.97°C。随着环境温度从 18°C 升高到 30°C，腹部脂肪重量、腹部脂肪率和皮下脂肪厚度呈线性下降（P＜0.05），同时肝脂肪含量呈线性增加（P＜0.05），但环境温度对肌间脂肪宽度或胸肌脂肪含量没有影响（P＞0.05）。在 18、21、24、27 和 30°C 下饲养的鹅的空肠、回肠和盲肠形态没有差异（P＞0.05）。十二指肠绒毛高度随环境温度升高呈线性下降反应，但环境温度对隐窝深度、绒毛宽度、肌层厚度或十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度没有影响（P＞0.05）。这些结果表明，高温环境会降低鹅的生长性能和脂肪沉积，并损害鹅的十二指肠形态。在我们的实验条件下，我们建议 28 至 49 日龄鹅的环境温度上限为 25.19°C。
