Gandhi Gopalsamy Rajiv, Antony Poovathumkal James, Lana Maria Júlia Miranda de Paula, da Silva Brenda Fernandes Xavier, Oliveira Roberta Vieira, Jothi Gnanasekaran, Hariharan Govindasamy, Mohana Thiruchenduran, Gan Ren-You, Gurgel Ricardo Queiroz, Cipolotti Rosana, Quintans Lucindo José
Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Prof. João Cardoso Nascimento Campus, Aracaju, Sergipe 49060-108, Brazil.
Department of Microbiology, St. Xavier's College, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal.
Phytomedicine. 2022 Jun;100:154038. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154038. Epub 2022 Mar 16.
Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by abnormal cell growth and proliferation. Natural products are a potentially important source for bioactive phytochemicals in the management of cancer, which regulate a broad range of biological events via the modulation of interleukins (ILs), pro- and anti-inflammatory modulators, and other cancer hallmark-mediated signaling pathways.
To systematically review the literature to identify in vivo studies investigating the anticancer properties of medicinal plants and natural molecules as modulators of ILs and their related pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling markers in tumor-bearing animals.
Articles published in English were searched, without any constraint in respect of countries. The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were used for the literature search for studies published between January 2010 and January 2022. The search terms used included medicinal plants, anticancer, antineoplasic agent, ILs, cytokine, and their combinations. A manual search to detect any articles not found in the databases was also made. The identified studies were then critically reviewed and relevant data were extracted and summarized.
Natural products were found to modulate ILs, including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IL-23, and IL-12, and interferon gamma; increase tissue inhibitor metalloprotease; decrease vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor alpha, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and nuclear factor kappa B; augment immunity by increasing the major histocompatibility complexes II and CD4+, cluster of differentiation 8 + T cell and class II trans-activator expression; and heighten the action of antioxidant enzymes, which are involved in the detoxification of free radicals and reactive oxygen species.
Natural products discussed in this review show great potential to regulate ILs and weaken associated pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling markers in tumor-bearing animals. Flavonoids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, alkaloids and tannins are important phytochemicals in the modulation of ILs, especially pro-inflammatory ones. However, in terms of future research, the importance of clinical trials to investigate their beneficial properties should be warranted.
癌症是一组以细胞异常生长和增殖为特征的疾病。天然产物是癌症治疗中生物活性植物化学物质的潜在重要来源，它们通过调节白细胞介素（ILs）、促炎和抗炎调节剂以及其他癌症标志介导的信号通路来调节广泛的生物学事件。
系统回顾文献，以确定在体内研究中，药用植物和天然分子作为白细胞介素及其相关促炎和抗炎信号标志物调节剂的抗癌特性。
搜索以英文发表的文章，不设国家限制。使用电子数据库PubMed、Embase、Scopus和Web of Science搜索2010年1月至2022年1月发表的研究文献。使用的搜索词包括药用植物、抗癌、抗肿瘤剂、白细胞介素、细胞因子及其组合。还进行了人工搜索，以检测数据库中未找到的任何文章。然后对识别出的研究进行严格审查，并提取和总结相关数据。
发现天然产物可调节白细胞介素，包括IL-1β、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-18、IL-23和IL-12，以及干扰素γ；增加组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂；降低血管内皮生长因子、肿瘤坏死因子α、粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子和核因子κB；通过增加主要组织相容性复合体II和CD4+、分化簇8 + T细胞和II类反式激活因子的表达来增强免疫力；并增强抗氧化酶的作用，这些酶参与自由基和活性氧的解毒。
本综述中讨论的天然产物在调节荷瘤动物的白细胞介素和减弱相关促炎和抗炎信号标志物方面显示出巨大潜力。黄酮类化合物、多酚、多糖、生物碱和单宁是调节白细胞介素，尤其是促炎白细胞介素的重要植物化学物质。然而，就未来研究而言，应确保进行临床试验以研究其有益特性的重要性。
