Yuan Zhan-Wang, Ma Li, Ge Wen-Li, Li Xiao-Ying, Zhang Xiao-Qin, Zeng Jing-Jie, Yang Jun, Qu Peng-Fei
Department of Nursing Care (Nursing Department), Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
Department of President's Office, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
Front Pediatr. 2022 Mar 10;9:801436. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.801436. eCollection 2021.
The study is designed to understand the situation of full-term infants breastfeeding within 6 months of birth in Xi'an before the Covid-19 pandemic and analyze the influencing factors of exclusive breastfeeding.
Five hospitals in Xi'an province have been selected as research centers. Full-term infants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited from these centers between January 1 and February 28, 2019. The feeding situation at 10 days, 42 days, 3 months, and 6 months after birth were investigated. A self-designed breastfeeding questionnaire was used for investigation and follow-up. SPSS 22.0 was applied for statistical analysis of the data.
The exclusive breastfeeding rate of full-term infants on days 10 and 42 and at months three and six after birth was 61.38%, 54.78%, 48.83%, and 38.78%, respectively, with a decreasing trend over time. During breastfeeding within 48 h after delivery, 1,653 cases (91.83%) of puerpera had different grades of pain, including 1,325 cases (80.16%) of mild discomfort, 321 cases (19.42%) of moderate pain, and seven cases (0.42%) of severe pain. Within 24-48 h postpartum, 1,607 (89.27%) mothers faced problems related to postpartum breastfeeding. Among them, 694 (43,19%) neonates could not be fed effectively; 665 (41.38%) mothers had wound pain and had inconvenience to turn over; 598 (37.21%) neonates were difficult to wake up; 439 (27.32%) mothers had incorrect feeding posture; 181 (11.26%) mothers experienced other problems. The Cox risk regression model showed that weight gain during pregnancy was higher than the recommended standard. Living in suburban counties was a risk factor of exclusive breastfeeding for full-term infants. Participation in breastfeeding courses during pregnancy, feeding more than eight times daily after delivery, were the protective factors of exclusive breastfeeding for full-term infants.
The body weight gain of parturients should be controlled within a reasonable range during pregnancy. Parturients were encouraged by medical staff to participate in breastfeeding courses or watch the breastfeeding process during pregnancy to increase their self-confidence and improve the rate of exclusive breastfeeding for full-term infants. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the publicity of breastfeeding in suburban areas to promote breastfeeding.
本研究旨在了解新冠疫情前西安市足月婴儿出生后6个月内的母乳喂养情况，并分析纯母乳喂养的影响因素。
选取陕西省西安市的5家医院作为研究中心。2019年1月1日至2月28日期间，从这些中心招募符合纳入和排除标准的足月婴儿。调查婴儿出生后10天、42天、3个月和6个月时的喂养情况。采用自行设计的母乳喂养问卷进行调查和随访。应用SPSS 22.0对数据进行统计分析。
足月婴儿出生后10天、42天、3个月和6个月时的纯母乳喂养率分别为61.38%、54.78%、48.83%和38.78%，呈随时间下降趋势。产后48小时内母乳喂养期间，1653例（91.83%）产妇有不同程度的疼痛，其中轻度不适1325例（80.16%），中度疼痛321例（19.42%），重度疼痛7例（0.42%）。产后24 - 48小时内，1607例（89.27%）母亲面临产后母乳喂养相关问题。其中，694例（43.19%）新生儿不能有效喂养；665例（41.38%）母亲有伤口疼痛且翻身不便；598例（37.21%）新生儿难以唤醒；439例（27.32%）母亲喂养姿势不正确；181例（11.26%）母亲有其他问题。Cox风险回归模型显示，孕期体重增加高于推荐标准。居住在郊县是足月婴儿纯母乳喂养的危险因素。孕期参加母乳喂养课程、产后每日喂养8次以上，是足月婴儿纯母乳喂养的保护因素。
孕期应将产妇体重增加控制在合理范围内。医护人员应鼓励产妇在孕期参加母乳喂养课程或观看母乳喂养过程，以增强其自信心，提高足月婴儿纯母乳喂养率。此外，有必要加强郊县地区母乳喂养宣传，促进母乳喂养。
