Zhang Haiying, Jia Yuyuan, Ji Ying, Cong Xu, Liu Yan, Yang Ruifeng, Kong Xiangsha, Shi Yijun, Zhu Ling, Wang Zhenyu, Wang Wei, Fei Ran, Liu Feng, Lu Fengmin, Chen Hongsong, Rao Huiying
Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Beijing International Cooperation Base for Science and Technology on NAFLD Diagnosis, Beijing, China.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Mar 10;13:816778. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.816778. eCollection 2022.
Although effective vaccines have been developed against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the level of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) induced after vaccination in the real world is still unknown. The aim of this work was to evaluate the level and persistence of NAbs induced by two inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in China.
Serum samples were collected from 1,335 people aged 18 years and over who were vaccinated with an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine at Peking University People's Hospital from January 19 to June 23, 2021, for the detection of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies.
The positive rate for NAbs against SARS-CoV-2 was 79-91% from the first month to the second month after the second vaccine dose. The gradual decline in positivity rate for NAb response was observed from 78% at 3 months post-vaccination to 0% at 12 months post-vaccination. When there was a 21-day interval between the two doses of vaccine, the NAb positivity rate was 0% 6 months after the second dose. NAb levels were significantly higher when the interval between two doses were 3-8 weeks than when it was 0-3 weeks (χ2 = 14.04, < 0.001). There was a linear correlation between NAbs and IgG antibodies in 1,335 vaccinated patients. NAb levels decreased in 31 patients (81.6%) and increased in 7 patients (18.4%) over time in the series of 38 patients after the second vaccination. The NAb positivity rate was significantly higher in 18- to 40-year-old subjects than in 41- to 60-year-old subjects ( = -., < .; = ., < .).
The NAb positivity rate was the highest at the first and second month after the second dose of vaccine, and gradually decreased over time. With a 21-day interval between two doses of vaccine, neutralizing antibody levels persisted for only 6 months after the second dose of vaccine. Therefore, a third vaccine dose is recommended. Our results suggest that in cases in which NAbs cannot be detected, IgM/IgG antibodies can be detected instead. The level of NAbs produced after vaccination was affected by age but not by sex. Our results suggest that an interval of 21 to 56 days between shots is suitable for vaccination.
尽管已研发出针对2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的有效疫苗，但在现实世界中接种疫苗后诱导产生的中和抗体（NAbs）水平仍不清楚。这项研究的目的是评估中国两种新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗诱导产生的中和抗体水平及其持久性。
收集2021年1月19日至6月23日在北京大学人民医院接种新型冠状病毒灭活疫苗的1335名18岁及以上人群的血清样本，检测抗严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）抗体。
在接种第二剂疫苗后的第一个月至第二个月，针对SARS-CoV-2的中和抗体阳性率为79%-91%。接种疫苗后3个月时中和抗体反应阳性率为78%，至接种疫苗后12个月时降至0%，呈逐渐下降趋势。当两剂疫苗间隔21天时，第二剂疫苗接种6个月后中和抗体阳性率为0%。两剂疫苗间隔3-8周时的中和抗体水平显著高于间隔0-3周时（χ2 = 14.04，P < 0.001）。1335名接种疫苗患者的中和抗体与IgG抗体之间存在线性相关性。在38例接种第二剂疫苗后的患者中，31例（81.6%）的中和抗体水平随时间下降，7例（18.4%）升高。18至40岁受试者的中和抗体阳性率显著高于41至60岁受试者（Z = -2.25，P < 0.05；Z = 2.23，P < 0.05）。
接种第二剂疫苗后的第一个月和第二个月中和抗体阳性率最高，随后随时间逐渐下降。当两剂疫苗间隔21天时，第二剂疫苗接种后中和抗体水平仅持续6个月。因此，建议接种第三剂疫苗。研究结果表明，在无法检测到中和抗体的情况下，可检测IgM/IgG抗体。接种疫苗后产生的中和抗体水平受年龄影响，但不受性别影响。研究结果表明，两剂疫苗间隔21至56天适合接种。
