Leach G E, Yip C M
Clin Geriatr Med. 1986 Nov;2(4):731-55.
The importance of a thorough history and physical examination in conjunction with appropriate laboratory, radiographic, endoscopic, and urodynamic studies is emphasized, with the goal of defining the cause of incontinence in the elderly. Once the pathologic process that is causing the symptom of incontinence is objectively identified, appropriate treatment can proceed logically.
强调全面的病史、体格检查与适当的实验室、影像学、内镜及尿动力学检查相结合的重要性，目的是明确老年人尿失禁的病因。一旦客观确定导致尿失禁症状的病理过程，即可合理地进行适当治疗。
