息肉的病因、流行病学和组织学及结直肠癌的发生途径。
Cause, Epidemiology, and Histology of Polyps and Pathways to Colorectal Cancer.
机构信息
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 200 Trent Drive, Suite 03,107 Basement Orange Zone, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 200 Trent Drive, Suite 03,107 Basement Orange Zone, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
出版信息
Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2022 Apr;32(2):177-194. doi: 10.1016/j.giec.2021.12.001. Epub 2022 Feb 22.
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality, with a lifetime risk of approximately 4% to 5%. Colorectal cancer develops from the sequential acquisition of defined genetic mutations in the colonic epithelium. Tumorigenesis from normal tissue to cancer occurs largely through 3 pathways: the chromosomal instability pathway, the microsatellite instability pathway, and the sessile serrated pathway. Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality have decreased by approximately 35% since the beginning of screening programs in the 1990s, although other factors such as use of aspirin for coronary disease prevention and decreased smoking rates may also be important. In this review, we discuss the etiology, epidemiology, and histology of colorectal polyps and cancer.
结直肠癌是癌症相关死亡的第二大主要原因，终生风险约为 4%至 5%。结直肠癌由结肠上皮中特定遗传突变的序贯获得而发展。从正常组织到癌症的肿瘤发生主要通过 3 条途径：染色体不稳定性途径、微卫星不稳定性途径和静止锯齿状途径。自 20 世纪 90 年代筛查项目开始以来，结直肠癌的发病率和死亡率已降低约 35%，尽管其他因素，如使用阿司匹林预防冠心病和降低吸烟率，也可能很重要。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了结直肠息肉和癌症的病因、流行病学和组织学。
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