Krokosz Stanisław, Obrycka Maria, Zalewska Anna
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland.
Students' Research Group of Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2025 Aug 12;47(8):647. doi: 10.3390/cimb47080647.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) stands as one of the most prevalent and lethal forms of cancer worldwide with early detection playing a crucial role in improving the survival rate. Salivary biomarkers have emerged as a promising non-invasive alternative for CRC early detection. A comprehensive search of the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases was performed to identify relevant studies published between 2018 and April 2025. Inclusion criteria focused on studies analyzing salivary biomarkers in adult CRC patients, while pediatric studies, non-diagnostic applications, and studies with insufficient statistical power were excluded. A total of 12 studies were included in this review, identifying various salivary biomarkers associated with CRC. Salivary microbiota, including and other bacterial species, demonstrated potential as diagnostic markers. Metabolomic profiling revealed elevated levels of lactate and pyruvate, reflecting metabolic alterations in CRC. Several microRNAs, such as miR-92a and miR-29a, exhibited high sensitivity and specificity for CRC detection. Additionally, protein-based biomarkers, including chemerin and sHLA-G, were found to be significantly elevated in CRC patients. Salivary biomarkers show great promise as a non-invasive, cost-effective approach for CRC detection and prognosis. Their ability to reflect systemic disease processes makes them a valuable complement to existing screening methods.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球最常见且致命的癌症形式之一，早期检测对提高生存率起着关键作用。唾液生物标志物已成为一种有前景的非侵入性结直肠癌早期检测替代方法。我们对科学网、Scopus和PubMed数据库进行了全面检索，以识别2018年至2025年4月期间发表的相关研究。纳入标准聚焦于分析成年结直肠癌患者唾液生物标志物的研究，而儿科研究、非诊断性应用以及统计效力不足的研究则被排除。本综述共纳入12项研究，确定了多种与结直肠癌相关的唾液生物标志物。唾液微生物群，包括[具体细菌种类]和其他细菌物种，显示出作为诊断标志物的潜力。代谢组学分析揭示了乳酸和丙酮酸水平升高，反映了结直肠癌中的代谢改变。几种微小RNA，如miR-92a和miR-29a，对结直肠癌检测表现出高灵敏度和特异性。此外，发现基于蛋白质的生物标志物，包括chemerin和sHLA-G，在结直肠癌患者中显著升高。唾液生物标志物作为一种非侵入性、经济有效的结直肠癌检测和预后方法显示出巨大前景。它们反映全身疾病过程的能力使其成为现有筛查方法的宝贵补充。
