Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Sher-e- Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir.
Cryo Letters. 2021 Sep-Oct;42(5):251-260.
The reduction in population genetic diversity due to inbreeding depression and the negative impact of human activity on habitats ultimately generates an extinction debt. Therefore, there is always a dire need to save wild population and to protect biodiversity. Preservation of wildlife female germplasm, i.e., oocytes and embryos, is a promising biotechnological tool to conserve species' biodiversity. Other applied tools of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) which assure conservation of endangered species include artificial insemination (AI), embryo transfer technology (ETT), and sperm cryopreservation. Only a few studies show the possibility of adapting the cryopreservation techniques developed for domestic animal female genetic material for use with wild animals. Difficulty is encountered in getting samples, accesses to animals for study, and the standardization of protocols for cryopreservation of such genetic material. Our meta-analysis of the literature (published or in press) and on-going studies found that biobanking for the preservation of vital tissues of wild animals is possible. Somatic tissue sections, ovarian tissues, sperms, oocytes and embryos are potential materials for preservation by vitrification. As vitrification is economical and easily applied, it appears to the best option currently available for the preservation of wildlife female genetics in order to conserve species' biodiversity.
由于近交衰退和人类活动对栖息地的负面影响导致的种群遗传多样性减少，最终产生灭绝债务。因此，拯救野生种群和保护生物多样性始终是当务之急。保存野生动物雌性种质资源，即卵母细胞和胚胎，是保护物种生物多样性的一种很有前途的生物技术工具。其他确保濒危物种保护的辅助生殖技术 (ART) 应用工具包括人工授精 (AI)、胚胎移植技术 (ETT) 和精子冷冻保存。只有少数研究表明，可以将为家畜雌性遗传物质开发的冷冻保存技术应用于野生动物。在获取样本、获取研究动物的许可以及为这种遗传物质的冷冻保存制定标准化方案方面存在困难。我们对文献（已发表或即将发表）和正在进行的研究进行了荟萃分析，发现为野生动物重要组织的保存而建立生物库是可能的。体组织切片、卵巢组织、精子、卵母细胞和胚胎是通过玻璃化进行保存的潜在材料。由于玻璃化既经济又易于应用，因此它似乎是目前保护野生动物雌性遗传物质以保护物种生物多样性的最佳选择。
