Wageningen University & Research, Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
GaiaZOO, Kerkrade, The Netherlands.
Zoo Biol. 2022 Nov;41(6):522-532. doi: 10.1002/zoo.21690. Epub 2022 Apr 1.
Little is known about the biology of grey-cheeked and black crested mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena and Lophocebus aterrimus, respectively). As these primates face threats in the wild, well-monitored zoo-housed populations with up to date registries are becoming increasingly valuable to acquire species knowledge and to support conservation efforts. We used international studbooks to extract demographic and genetic information on 519 mangabeys to investigate how life history and parent-related variables influence maximum longevity and juvenile mortality. Generalized linear mixed models, as well as survival analyses, were applied. Results showed that females lived significantly longer than males, which is not uncommon in primates. Furthermore, our results indicated that the maximum longevity is lower for individuals living in European zoos versus individuals from North American zoos, which may be due to a combination of environmental differences and potential founder effects. We also show that the maternal maximum longevity is positively related to the maximum longevity of the offspring, which may be explained by the inheritance of "good genes". However, the age of the mother at the moment of birth was negatively related to the maximum longevity of the offspring, which contradicts literature that states that, in primates, more experienced and thus older mothers will raise their offspring better than less experienced mothers. Instead, it is more likely that an "optimal age range" exists for breeding mothers. Our study provides insights into the population biology of captive mangabeys and may be helpful for identifying future research priorities to optimize primate health and welfare directly ex situ, and indirectly in situ.
关于灰脸和黑冠卷尾猴（Lophocebus albigena 和 Lophocebus aterrimus）的生物学特性知之甚少。由于这些灵长类动物在野外面临威胁，因此拥有完善监测系统和最新记录的圈养种群对于获取物种知识和支持保护工作变得越来越有价值。我们使用国际种畜登记册提取了 519 只卷尾猴的人口统计学和遗传信息，以调查生活史和与父母相关的变量如何影响最大寿命和幼仔死亡率。应用了广义线性混合模型和生存分析。结果表明，雌性的寿命明显长于雄性，这在灵长类动物中并不罕见。此外，我们的结果表明，生活在欧洲动物园的个体的最大寿命明显低于生活在北美动物园的个体，这可能是由于环境差异和潜在的奠基者效应的综合作用。我们还表明，母体的最大寿命与后代的最大寿命呈正相关，这可能可以用“好基因”的遗传来解释。然而，母亲在分娩时的年龄与后代的最大寿命呈负相关，这与文献中的说法相矛盾，文献表明，在灵长类动物中，经验更丰富、年龄更大的母亲会比经验较少的母亲更好地抚养后代。相反，繁殖母亲可能存在一个“最佳年龄范围”。我们的研究提供了对圈养卷尾猴种群生物学的深入了解，并可能有助于确定未来的研究重点，以直接在原地和间接在异地优化灵长类动物的健康和福利。
