Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara, 06490, Turkey.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2022 Jun;11(2):329-336. doi: 10.1007/s13668-022-00408-1. Epub 2022 Apr 2.
Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is known as the most common food allergy in the first year of life. For this purpose, in our review, the regulation of maternal and infant nutrition, and the risks and the issues to be considered in terms of nutrition are discussed from the perspective of a dietitian.
Therefore, understanding the epidemiology, symptoms, diagnostic criteria, and appropriate treatment of cow's milk protein allergy is crucial for the multidisciplinary team of physicians, dietitians, and nurses working in the clinic. It has been reported that tolerance develops in approximately 50% of infants affected by cow's milk protein in the first year of life. Although CMPA is generally thought to clear up between 1 and 2 years of age, there is insufficient evidence to determine an optimal time to reintroduce cow's milk protein to the diet. Because the elimination diet recommended in the treatment of children with CMPA, adequate protein and calcium intake of the mother and/or baby in the diet should be evaluated. Studies focusing on metabolic bone turnover in children with food allergies are limited. In general, low calcium intake is associated with reduced bone formation in children with CMPA. Therefore, bone health should be focused on and appropriate strategies should be developed in children with CMPA. Unnecessary elimination of milk and its products, which are an important part of nutrition, should be prevented and nutrient deficiencies and growth status should be monitored by dietitians especially working in the field of pediatric nutrition.
牛乳蛋白过敏（CMPA）是婴儿期最常见的食物过敏。为此，本综述从营养师的角度，讨论了母婴营养的调控以及在营养方面需要考虑的风险和问题。
因此，了解牛乳蛋白过敏的流行病学、症状、诊断标准和适当的治疗方法，对于临床工作中的医师、营养师和护士多学科团队至关重要。据报道，约有 50%的牛乳蛋白过敏婴儿在生命的第一年可发展为耐受。虽然 CMPA 通常认为在 1 至 2 岁之间消退，但尚无足够证据确定重新引入牛乳蛋白到饮食中的最佳时间。由于 CMPA 患儿治疗中推荐的饮食排除疗法，应评估母亲和/或婴儿饮食中蛋白质和钙的充足摄入。关注食物过敏儿童代谢性骨转换的研究有限。一般来说，低钙摄入与 CMPA 患儿骨形成减少有关。因此，应关注骨健康，并为 CMPA 患儿制定适当的策略。营养师特别是在儿科营养领域工作的营养师应预防不必要的牛乳及其制品的排除，因为它们是营养的重要组成部分，并应监测营养缺乏和生长状况。
