Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Jun;137:104646. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104646. Epub 2022 Mar 30.
Immature motor response inhibition in adolescence is considered contributory to adolescent risk-taking and externalizing behaviors. We review studies reporting age-related variations in motor response inhibition and MRI measurements from typically-developing adolescents. Reviewed studies measured response inhibition using one of three tasks-the Stop Signal Task, Go/No-Go, and Antisaccade Task. Task reliability appears to be particularly strong for the SST. Across tasks and study designs, results indicate that inhibitory control improves markedly through early adolescence. The trajectory of change in later adolescence and into young adulthood (i.e., linear or plateauing) varies depending on the task design. Neuroimaging studies identify adult-like response inhibition networks that are involved in behavioral development. The pros and cons of each task are discussed, including recommendations to guide future studies. Ongoing studies in large longitudinal datasets offer opportunities for further exploration of the shape of change in response inhibition, related neural regions, and associations with other affective and cognitive processes to identify potential impacts of motor response inhibition immaturities or individual differences on adolescent risk-taking behaviors.
青春期不成熟的运动反应抑制被认为是导致青少年冒险和外化行为的原因。我们回顾了报告与年龄相关的运动反应抑制变化和来自正常发育青少年的 MRI 测量的研究。综述研究使用三种任务之一来测量反应抑制：停止信号任务、Go/No-Go 任务和反扫视任务。任务可靠性似乎对 SST 特别强。跨任务和研究设计，结果表明，抑制控制在整个青春期都有显著提高。青少年后期和成年早期的变化轨迹（即线性或趋于平稳）取决于任务设计。神经影像学研究确定了参与行为发展的成人样反应抑制网络。讨论了每项任务的优缺点，包括指导未来研究的建议。在大型纵向数据集上进行的正在进行的研究为进一步探索反应抑制变化的形态、相关神经区域以及与其他情感和认知过程的关联提供了机会，以确定运动反应抑制不成熟或个体差异对青少年冒险行为的潜在影响。
