Green ReJoyce, Meredith Lindsay R, Mewton Louise, Squeglia Lindsay M
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Curr Addict Rep. 2023 Jun;10(2):166-177. doi: 10.1007/s40429-023-00485-4. Epub 2023 May 2.
The aim of the present review is to provide an update on recent studies examining adolescent neurodevelopment in the context of impulsivity and substance use. We provide a review of the neurodevelopmental changes in brain structure and function related to impulsivity, substance use, and their intersection.
When examining brain structure, smaller gray matter volume coupled with lower white matter integrity is associated with greater impulsivity across three components: trait impulsivity, choice impulsivity, and response inhibition. Altered functional connectivity in networks including the inhibitory control network and reward processing network confers risk for greater impulsivity and substance use.
Across brain structure and function, there is evidence to suggest that overlapping areas involved in the rise in impulsivity during adolescence contribute to early substance use initiation and escalation. These overlapping neurodevelopmental correlates have promising implications for prevention and early intervention efforts for adolescent substance use.
本综述旨在提供近期有关在冲动性和物质使用背景下研究青少年神经发育的研究进展。我们综述了与冲动性、物质使用及其交叉点相关的脑结构和功能的神经发育变化。
在研究脑结构时，较小的灰质体积与较低的白质完整性与三种冲动性成分相关，即特质冲动性、选择冲动性和反应抑制，且灰质体积越小、白质完整性越低，冲动性越强。包括抑制控制网络和奖赏处理网络在内的网络中功能连接的改变会增加冲动性和物质使用的风险。
在脑结构和功能方面，有证据表明，青少年期冲动性增加所涉及的重叠区域会导致早期物质使用的开始和升级。这些重叠的神经发育相关性对青少年物质使用的预防和早期干预工作具有积极意义。
