Brainnetome Center and National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Cereb Cortex. 2021 Mar 31;31(5):2686-2700. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa383.
Derailment of inhibitory control (IC) underlies numerous psychiatric and behavioral disorders, many of which emerge during adolescence. Identifying reliable predictive biomarkers that place the adolescents at elevated risk for future IC deficits can help guide early interventions, yet the scarcity of longitudinal research has hindered the progress. Here, using a large-scale longitudinal dataset in which the same subjects performed a stop signal task during functional magnetic resonance imaging at ages 14 and 19, we tracked their IC development individually and tried to find the brain features predicting their development by constructing prediction models using 14-year-olds' functional connections within a network or between a pair of networks. The participants had distinct between-subject trajectories in their IC development. Of the candidate connections used for prediction, ventral attention-subcortical network interconnections could predict the individual development of IC and formed a prediction model that generalized to previously unseen individuals. Furthermore, we found that connectivity between these two networks was related to substance abuse problems, an IC-deficit related problematic behavior, within 5 years. Our study reveals individual differences in IC development from mid- to late-adolescence and highlights the importance of ventral attention-subcortical network interconnections in predicting future IC development and substance abuse in adolescents.
抑制控制 (IC) 的脱轨是许多精神和行为障碍的基础，其中许多障碍在青少年时期出现。确定可靠的预测生物标志物，使青少年处于未来 IC 缺陷的高风险中，可以帮助指导早期干预，但缺乏纵向研究阻碍了进展。在这里，我们使用了一个大规模的纵向数据集，其中相同的受试者在 14 岁和 19 岁时进行功能磁共振成像的停止信号任务，我们单独跟踪他们的 IC 发展，并尝试通过构建使用 14 岁的功能连接在网络内或一对网络之间的预测模型来找到预测其发展的大脑特征。参与者在 IC 发展方面存在明显的个体间轨迹。在用于预测的候选连接中，腹侧注意-皮质下网络的相互连接可以预测 IC 的个体发展，并形成了一个可以推广到以前未见个体的预测模型。此外，我们发现这两个网络之间的连通性与 5 年内的物质滥用问题有关，这是一种与 IC 缺陷相关的问题行为。我们的研究揭示了从中年到青少年后期 IC 发展的个体差异，并强调了腹侧注意-皮质下网络相互连接在预测青少年未来 IC 发展和物质滥用方面的重要性。
