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1
Molecular cloning of an osmoregulatory locus in Escherichia coli: increased proU gene dosage results in enhanced osmotolerance.大肠杆菌中一个渗透调节基因座的分子克隆：proU基因剂量增加导致渗透压耐受性增强。
J Bacteriol. 1986 Dec;168(3):1197-204. doi: 10.1128/jb.168.3.1197-1204.1986.
2
Osmoregulation in Escherichia coli: complementation analysis and gene-protein relationships in the proU locus.大肠杆菌中的渗透调节：proU基因座的互补分析及基因与蛋白质的关系
J Bacteriol. 1989 Apr;171(4):1915-22. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.4.1915-1922.1989.
3
Multiple mechanisms contribute to osmotic inducibility of proU operon expression in Escherichia coli: demonstration of two osmoresponsive promoters and of a negative regulatory element within the first structural gene.多种机制促成了大肠杆菌中proU操纵子表达的渗透诱导性：两个渗透反应启动子及第一个结构基因内一个负调控元件的证明。
J Bacteriol. 1991 Dec;173(23):7481-90. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.23.7481-7490.1991.
4
Cloned structural genes for the osmotically regulated binding-protein-dependent glycine betaine transport system (ProU) of Escherichia coli K-12.大肠杆菌K-12渗透压调节的依赖结合蛋白的甘氨酸甜菜碱转运系统（ProU）的克隆结构基因。
Mol Microbiol. 1988 Mar;2(2):265-79. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1988.tb00028.x.
5
Characterization of a chimeric proU operon in a subtilin-producing mutant of Bacillus subtilis 168.枯草芽孢杆菌168产枯草菌素突变体中嵌合proU操纵子的特性分析
J Bacteriol. 1995 Dec;177(23):6874-80. doi: 10.1128/jb.177.23.6874-6880.1995.
6
Osmotic regulation of transcription: induction of the proU betaine transport gene is dependent on accumulation of intracellular potassium.转录的渗透调节：脯氨酸/甜菜碱转运基因proU的诱导依赖于细胞内钾离子的积累。
J Bacteriol. 1986 Nov;168(2):805-14. doi: 10.1128/jb.168.2.805-814.1986.
7
In vitro reconstitution of osmoregulated expression of proU of Escherichia coli.大肠杆菌脯氨酸转运蛋白U（proU）渗透调节表达的体外重建。
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Feb;86(4):1153-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.4.1153.
8
Characterization of mutations affecting the osmoregulated proU promoter of Escherichia coli and identification of 5' sequences required for high-level expression.影响大肠杆菌渗透调节性proU启动子的突变特征分析及高水平表达所需5'序列的鉴定。
J Bacteriol. 1991 Jan;173(2):801-9. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.2.801-809.1991.
9
Genes encoding osmoregulatory proline/glycine betaine transporters and the proline catabolic system are present and expressed in diverse clinical Escherichia coli isolates.编码渗透调节脯氨酸/甘氨酸甜菜碱转运蛋白和脯氨酸分解代谢系统的基因存在于多种临床大肠杆菌分离株中并表达。
Can J Microbiol. 1994 May;40(5):397-402. doi: 10.1139/m94-065.
10
The osmotic stress response and virulence in pyelonephritis isolates of Escherichia coli: contributions of RpoS, ProP, ProU and other systems.大肠杆菌肾盂肾炎分离株中的渗透应激反应与毒力：RpoS、ProP、ProU及其他系统的作用
Microbiology (Reading). 2001 Jun;147(Pt 6):1657-1670. doi: 10.1099/00221287-147-6-1657.

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1
Single-target regulators form a minor group of transcription factors in Escherichia coli K-12.在大肠杆菌 K-12 中，单靶点调控因子是一类较少的转录因子。
Nucleic Acids Res. 2018 May 4;46(8):3921-3936. doi: 10.1093/nar/gky138.
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Phenotypic engineering by reprogramming gene transcription using novel artificial transcription factors in Escherichia coli.
Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Sep;36(16):e102. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkn449. Epub 2008 Jul 18.
3
Betaine Transport Imparts Osmotolerance on a Strain of Lactobacillus acidophilus.甘氨酸甜菜碱转运赋予嗜酸乳杆菌耐渗透压能力。
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Oct;53(10):2275-81. doi: 10.1128/aem.53.10.2275-2281.1987.
4
An N-terminally truncated RpoS (sigma(S)) protein in Escherichia coli is active in vivo and exhibits normal environmental regulation even in the absence of rpoS transcriptional and translational control signals.大肠杆菌中一种N端截短的RpoS（σS）蛋白在体内具有活性，即使在没有rpoS转录和翻译控制信号的情况下，也表现出正常的环境调控。
J Bacteriol. 2002 Jun;184(12):3167-75. doi: 10.1128/JB.184.12.3167-3175.2002.
5
Linkage map of Escherichia coli K-12, edition 10: the traditional map.大肠杆菌K-12连锁图谱，第10版：传统图谱。
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1998 Sep;62(3):814-984. doi: 10.1128/MMBR.62.3.814-984.1998.
6
Evidence for transcription attenuation rendering cryptic a sigmaS-dependent promoter of the osmotically regulated proU operon of Salmonella typhimurium.转录衰减使鼠伤寒沙门氏菌渗透调节性proU操纵子的σS依赖性启动子隐蔽的证据。
J Bacteriol. 1997 Nov;179(22):7169-73. doi: 10.1128/jb.179.22.7169-7173.1997.
7
How is osmotic regulation of transcription of the Escherichia coli proU operon achieved? A review and a model.大肠杆菌proU操纵子转录的渗透调节是如何实现的？综述与模型。
Genetica. 1996 May;97(3):363-78. doi: 10.1007/BF00055322.
8
Regulation of kdp operon expression in Escherichia coli: evidence against turgor as signal for transcriptional control.大肠杆菌中kdp操纵子表达的调控：反对膨压作为转录控制信号的证据。
J Bacteriol. 1993 Jul;175(14):4528-37. doi: 10.1128/jb.175.14.4528-4537.1993.
9
Evidence for involvement of proteins HU and RpoS in transcription of the osmoresponsive proU operon in Escherichia coli.蛋白质HU和RpoS参与大肠杆菌中渗透压响应性proU操纵子转录的证据。
J Bacteriol. 1994 Sep;176(17):5378-84. doi: 10.1128/jb.176.17.5378-5384.1994.
10
A new phenotype for sbcB mutations in Escherichia coli: RecA-dependent increase in plasmid-borne gene expression.
Mol Gen Genet. 1995 Mar 10;246(5):648-56. doi: 10.1007/BF00298972.

本文引用的文献

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Hfr formation directed by tn10.由 tn10 指导的高频转导形成。
Genetics. 1979 Apr;91(4):639-55. doi: 10.1093/genetics/91.4.639.
2
Molecular biology of osmoregulation.渗透调节的分子生物学
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Living with water stress: evolution of osmolyte systems.应对水分胁迫：渗透调节物质系统的进化
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A third L-proline permease in Salmonella typhimurium which functions in media of elevated osmotic strength.鼠伤寒沙门氏菌中的第三种L-脯氨酸通透酶，其在高渗透压强度的培养基中发挥作用。
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Selection for loss of tetracycline resistance by Escherichia coli.大肠杆菌对四环素抗性丧失的选择。
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Osmotic control of kdp operon expression in Escherichia coli.大肠杆菌中kdp操纵子表达的渗透调控
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Molecular cloning of pheR in Escherichia coli K-12.大肠杆菌K-12中pheR的分子克隆
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Glycine betaine, an osmotic effector in Klebsiella pneumoniae and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae.甘氨酸甜菜碱，肺炎克雷伯菌及肠杆菌科其他成员中的一种渗透效应物。
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Linkage map of Escherichia coli K-12, edition 7.大肠杆菌K-12连锁图谱，第7版。
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10
In vivo DNA cloning and adjacent gene fusing with a mini-Mu-lac bacteriophage containing a plasmid replicon.利用含有质粒复制子的微型Mu - lac噬菌体进行体内DNA克隆及相邻基因融合。
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大肠杆菌中一个渗透调节基因座的分子克隆：proU基因剂量增加导致渗透压耐受性增强。

Molecular cloning of an osmoregulatory locus in Escherichia coli: increased proU gene dosage results in enhanced osmotolerance.

作者信息

Gowrishankar J, Jayashree P, Rajkumari K

出版信息

J Bacteriol. 1986 Dec;168(3):1197-204. doi: 10.1128/jb.168.3.1197-1204.1986.

DOI:10.1128/jb.168.3.1197-1204.1986
PMID:3536868
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC213622/
Abstract

The proU locus in Escherichia coli encodes an important osmoregulatory function which mediates the growth-promoting effect of L-proline and glycine betaine in high-osmolarity media. This locus was cloned, in contiguity with a closely linked Tn10 insertion, onto a multicopy plasmid directly from the E. coli chromosome. For a given level of osmotic stress, the magnitude of osmoresponsive induction of a single-copy proU::lac fusion was reduced in strains with multiple copies of the proU+ genes; in comparison with haploid proU+ strains, strains with the multicopy proU+ plasmids also exhibited enhanced osmotolerance in media supplemented with 1 mM L-proline or glycine betaine. Experiments involving subcloning, Tn1000 mutagenesis, and interplasmid complementation in a deletion mutant provided evidence for the presence at this locus of two cistrons, both of which are necessary for the expression of ProU function. We propose the designations proU for the gene originally identified by the proU224::Mu d1(lac Ap) insertion and proV for the gene upstream (that is, counterclockwise) of proU.

摘要

大肠杆菌中的proU位点编码一种重要的渗透调节功能，该功能介导L-脯氨酸和甘氨酸甜菜碱在高渗培养基中的促生长作用。该位点与一个紧密连锁的Tn10插入片段相邻，直接从大肠杆菌染色体克隆到一个多拷贝质粒上。对于给定水平的渗透胁迫，在含有多个proU+基因拷贝的菌株中，单拷贝proU::lac融合体的渗透反应诱导幅度降低；与单倍体proU+菌株相比，含有多拷贝proU+质粒的菌株在补充有1 mM L-脯氨酸或甘氨酸甜菜碱的培养基中也表现出增强的渗透压耐受性。在缺失突变体中进行的亚克隆、Tn1000诱变和质粒间互补实验提供了证据，表明该位点存在两个顺反子，这两个顺反子对于ProU功能的表达都是必需的。我们提议将最初由proU224::Mu d1(lac Ap)插入鉴定的基因命名为proU，将proU上游（即逆时针方向）的基因命名为proV。