Blume Jessica, Park SuJung, Cox Miranda, Mastergeorge Ann M
Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
Front Pediatr. 2022 Mar 15;10:813486. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.813486. eCollection 2022.
It has been well-established that development occurs in the context of a transactional framework, with bidirectional parent-child interactions influencing both proximal and distal outcomes. In particular, child vocabulary development is sensitive to parenting qualities including warmth, sensitivity, and control as well as parental stimulation including language input and access to learning enrichment activities. Similarly, these parenting qualities are influenced by and influence children's development of pro-social behaviors. Given the foundational role of both language and pro-social skills for academic achievement and the establishment of healthy relationships across the lifespan, a comprehensive understanding of the magnitude, stability, and reciprocity of such interactions across childhood has the potential to better inform early intervention and prevention practices and highlight risk and resilience factors. This study investigated the concurrent and successive transactional relationships between child pro-social behavior, child emergent language, and parenting qualities within a large, longitudinal sample. This study utilized Waves 3, 4, and 5 of the Fragile Families and Child Well Being Study (FFCWBS), corresponding to focal child age 3, 5, and 9 years, respectively. A series of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with full-information likelihood (FIML) estimation ( = 3,422) including child prosocial behavior, receptive vocabulary, and supportive parenting behaviors was tested and compared. Our findings indicate significant, positive associations over time between child pro-social behavior and receptive vocabulary, and parenting quality across all three stages of early child development. The steady decline in magnitude of these associations over time highlights the importance of synergistic parent-child interactions in toddlerhood as an early opportunity to propel these developmental outcomes and supportive parenting behaviors. Patterns of change in child pro-social behavior skills and parenting qualities remained positive and relatively stable, while observed growth in child receptive vocabulary skills increased in magnitude over time. Additional investigation of indirect effects specified the role of receptive vocabulary, as well as the bolstering role of prosocial behavior, in eliciting responsive parenting qualities over time.
人们已经充分认识到，发展是在一个相互作用的框架内发生的，亲子之间的双向互动会影响近期和远期的结果。具体而言，儿童词汇发展对养育质量很敏感，包括温暖、敏感和控制，以及父母的激励，包括语言输入和参与学习丰富活动的机会。同样，这些养育质量既受儿童亲社会行为发展的影响，也会影响儿童亲社会行为的发展。鉴于语言和亲社会技能对学业成就以及一生健康人际关系建立的基础作用，全面了解童年期这种互动的程度、稳定性和相互性，有可能为早期干预和预防措施提供更好的信息，并突出风险和复原力因素。本研究在一个大型纵向样本中调查了儿童亲社会行为、儿童新兴语言和养育质量之间的同时期和相继的相互作用关系。本研究利用了脆弱家庭与儿童福祉研究（FFCWBS）的第3、4和5波数据，分别对应重点儿童3岁、5岁和9岁时的数据。对一系列采用全信息极大似然估计（FIML）（样本量=3422）的结构方程模型（SEM）进行了测试和比较，这些模型包括儿童亲社会行为、接受性词汇和支持性养育行为。我们的研究结果表明，在幼儿发展的所有三个阶段，随着时间的推移，儿童亲社会行为与接受性词汇以及养育质量之间存在显著的正相关。随着时间的推移，这些关联的程度稳步下降，这突出了幼儿期协同的亲子互动作为推动这些发展成果和支持性养育行为的早期机会的重要性。儿童亲社会行为技能和养育质量的变化模式保持积极且相对稳定，而观察到的儿童接受性词汇技能的增长随着时间的推移幅度增大。对间接效应的进一步调查明确了接受性词汇的作用，以及亲社会行为在随着时间推移引发响应性养育质量方面的促进作用。
