Interconnected & Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (I2BL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
Interconnected & Integrated Bioelectronics Lab (IBL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Apr 12;119(15):e2201937119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2201937119. Epub 2022 Apr 4.
The awareness of individuals’ biological status is critical for creating interactive and adaptive environments that can actively assist the users to achieve optimal outcomes. Accordingly, specialized human–machine interfaces—equipped with bioperception and interpretation capabilities—are required. To this end, we devised a multimodal cryptographic bio-human–machine interface (CB-HMI), which seamlessly translates the user’s touch-based entries into encrypted biochemical, biophysical, and biometric indices. As its central component, the CB-HMI features thin hydrogel-coated chemical sensors and inference algorithms to noninvasively and inconspicuously acquire biochemical indices such as circulating molecules that partition onto the skin (here, ethanol and acetaminophen). Additionally, the CB-HMI hosts physical sensors and associated algorithms to simultaneously acquire the user’s heart rate, blood oxygen level, and fingerprint minutiae pattern. Supported by human subject studies, we demonstrated the CB-HMI’s capability in terms of acquiring physiologically relevant readouts of target bioindices, as well as user-identifying and biometrically encrypting/decrypting these indices in situ (leveraging the fingerprint feature). By upgrading the common surrounding objects with the CB-HMI, we created interactive solutions for driving safety and medication use. Specifically, we demonstrated a vehicle-activation system and a medication-dispensing system, where the integrated CB-HMI uniquely enabled user bioauthentication (on the basis of the user’s biological state and identity) prior to rendering the intended services. Harnessing the levels of bioperception achieved by the CB-HMI and other intelligent HMIs, we can equip our surroundings with a comprehensive and deep awareness of individuals’ psychophysiological state and needs.
个体生物状态意识对于创建可积极协助用户实现最佳效果的互动式和自适应环境至关重要。因此，需要配备具有生物感知和解释能力的专用人机接口。为此，我们设计了一种多模态密码生物人机接口 (CB-HMI)，它可以将用户的基于触摸的输入无缝转换为加密的生化、生物物理和生物识别指标。作为其核心组件，CB-HMI 采用薄水凝胶涂层化学传感器和推理算法，能够非侵入式、隐蔽地获取生化指标，例如分布在皮肤上的循环分子（这里是乙醇和对乙酰氨基酚）。此外，CB-HMI 还具有物理传感器和相关算法，可以同时获取用户的心率、血氧水平和指纹细节图案。通过人体受试者研究的支持，我们展示了 CB-HMI 在获取目标生物指标的生理相关读数方面的能力，以及在现场（利用指纹特征）对这些指标进行用户识别和生物识别加密/解密的能力。通过将 CB-HMI 升级到常见的周围物体上，我们创建了用于驾驶安全和药物使用的互动解决方案。具体来说，我们展示了一种车辆激活系统和一种药物分发系统，其中集成的 CB-HMI 能够在提供预期服务之前，基于用户的生物状态和身份，对用户进行生物身份验证。利用 CB-HMI 和其他智能人机接口实现的生物感知水平，我们可以使周围环境对个人的心理生理状态和需求有全面和深入的了解。
