Gomes Margarida, Rondelez Yannick, Leibler Ludwik
Laboratoire Gulliver (UMR 7083), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, France; email:
Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng. 2022 Jun 10;13:457-479. doi: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092120-091054. Epub 2022 Apr 4.
Synthetic polymers such as plastics exhibit numerous advantageous properties that have made them essential components of our daily lives, with plastic production doubling every 15 years. The relatively low cost of petroleum-based polymers encourages their single use and overconsumption. Synthetic plastics are recalcitrant to biodegradation, and mismanagement of plastic waste leads to their accumulation in the ecosystem, resulting in a disastrous environmental footprint. Enzymes capable of depolymerizing plastics have been reported recently that may provide a starting point for eco-friendly plastic recycling routes. However, some questions remain about the mechanisms by which enzymes can digest insoluble solid substrates. We review the characterization and engineering of plastic-eating enzymes and provide some comparisons with the field of lignocellulosic biomass valorization.
诸如塑料之类的合成聚合物具有许多有利特性，这些特性使其成为我们日常生活中的重要组成部分，塑料产量每15年就会翻一番。石油基聚合物相对较低的成本促使它们被一次性使用和过度消费。合成塑料难以生物降解，塑料垃圾管理不善导致它们在生态系统中积累，造成灾难性的环境影响。最近有报道称，能够使塑料解聚的酶可能为环保型塑料回收途径提供一个起点。然而，关于酶能够消化不溶性固体底物的机制仍存在一些问题。我们综述了可降解塑料酶的特性和工程改造，并与木质纤维素生物质转化领域进行了一些比较。
