Saravanamuthu Murugapoopathi, Thulasiram Ramachandran, Ramasamy Dharmalingam, Sundaramoorthy Surendarnath
Department of Mechanical Engineering, PSNA College of Engineering and Technology, Dindigul, 624622, India.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Jain (Deemed-to-be University), Bangaluru, 562112, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 May;30(22):61162-61176. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19752-4. Epub 2022 Apr 4.
Diesel engines are most widely used as power plant for many applications, like automotive, agricultural purposes, portable machines and remote location power generation, because of their higher torque, power output, energy content per unit mass and cost of fuel. Because of the higher compression ratios, the diesel engines are able to produce greater cylinder pressures resulting in higher temperatures and thermal efficiency. On other hand, the diesel engines produce CO, NO, Soot and sulphur emissions which are harmful and these pollute the environment leading to acid rain, global warming and variety of human diseases. Also, the present emission regulations are framed such a way to ensure the environmental sustainability in addition to the economic and social importance. These constraints make the researchers find an alternate fuel for replacing the diesel fuel on the existing diesel engines for the reduction of environmental pollutions. Biodiesel is found to be a very good alternative fuel obtained from natural resources and having good energy with least possible emissions. Rubber seed methyl ester (ROME) is one kind of the biofuel can be used in the existing diesel without any engine modifications. The ROME is produced using trans esterification process and the biodiesel blends are prepared in the sequence of B20, B40, B60 and B80. The ROME is tested on the Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) engine to test the emission characteristic in line with the performance characteristics. To reduce the emissions, the prediction models are developed for CO and NO using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The models are verified through the ANOVA and p-test for their adequacy to create the hypothesis of the experimentation. The NSGA II evolutionary multi-objective optimization is used to optimise the engine parameters to minimise the pollutions from the ROME fuelled engine. The optimized parameters are tested and verified experimentally for the least possible emissions.
由于柴油发动机具有更高的扭矩、功率输出、单位质量的能量含量和燃料成本，因此在许多应用中被广泛用作动力装置，如汽车、农业用途、便携式机器和偏远地区发电。由于压缩比更高，柴油发动机能够产生更高的气缸压力，从而导致更高的温度和热效率。另一方面，柴油发动机产生一氧化碳、氮氧化物、烟尘和硫排放物，这些都是有害的，会污染环境，导致酸雨、全球变暖和各种人类疾病。此外，目前的排放法规旨在确保环境可持续性，同时兼顾经济和社会重要性。这些限制促使研究人员寻找替代燃料，以取代现有柴油发动机中的柴油，从而减少环境污染。生物柴油被认为是一种非常好的替代燃料，它从自然资源中获得，具有良好的能量，且排放尽可能少。橡胶籽甲酯（ROME）是一种可在现有柴油发动机中使用而无需对发动机进行任何改装的生物燃料。ROME通过酯交换过程生产，生物柴油混合物按B20、B40、B60和B80的顺序制备。在可变压缩比（VCR）发动机上对ROME进行测试，以测试其与性能特性相关的排放特性。为了减少排放，使用响应面方法（RSM）开发了一氧化碳和氮氧化物的预测模型。通过方差分析（ANOVA）和p检验对模型进行验证，以确定其是否足以建立实验假设。使用NSGA II进化多目标优化方法来优化发动机参数，以最大限度地减少使用ROME燃料的发动机产生的污染。对优化后的参数进行测试，并通过实验验证其尽可能低的排放。
