Department of Psychology, McDaniel College, 2 College Hill, Westminster, MD, 21157, USA.
University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2022 Aug;29(4):1514-1523. doi: 10.3758/s13423-022-02092-2. Epub 2022 Apr 4.
The influence of single option or forced-exposure (FE) trials was studied in the suboptimal choice task. Pigeons chose between an optimal alternative that led to food half of the time and a suboptimal alternative that led to food 20% of the time. Choice of the suboptimal alternative was compared across groups of subjects that received different numbers of FE trials during training. In Experiment 1, subjects received 100% FE trials, 67% FE trials, or only choice trials. Pigeons in the two groups that had FE trials developed extreme preference for the signaled suboptimal alternative over the unsignaled optimal alternative, while pigeons that had no FE trials showed pronounced individual differences. Experiment 2 compared 10% and 90% FE trials. When neither alternative signaled trial outcomes, both groups of subjects strongly preferred the optimal alternative. When the suboptimal alternative provided differential signals, the subjects in the 90% FE group developed strong preference for the suboptimal alternative and subjects in the 10% FE group maintained preference for the optimal alternative. The results of both experiments demonstrate that FE trials can have substantial effects on the development of preference in the suboptimal choice task.
在次优选择任务中研究了单项选择或强制暴露（FE）试验的影响。鸽子在一个最优选择和一个次优选择之间进行选择，最优选择有一半的时间会得到食物，而次优选择只有 20%的时间会得到食物。在训练期间接受不同数量 FE 试验的受试者组之间比较了次优选择的选择。在实验 1 中，受试者接受了 100%的 FE 试验、67%的 FE 试验或仅选择试验。接受 FE 试验的两组鸽子对信号指示的次优选择表现出强烈的偏好，而没有接受 FE 试验的鸽子则表现出明显的个体差异。实验 2 比较了 10%和 90%的 FE 试验。当两个选择都没有信号指示试验结果时，两组受试者都强烈偏好最优选择。当次优选择提供了不同的信号时，90%FE 组的受试者对次优选择表现出强烈的偏好，而 10%FE 组的受试者则保持对最优选择的偏好。两个实验的结果都表明，FE 试验对次优选择任务中偏好的发展有很大的影响。
