Inserm U932, Institut Curie, Paris, France.
Subcell Biochem. 2022;98:85-102. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-94004-1_5.
Macropinocytosis is a nonspecific mechanism by which cells compulsively "drink" the surrounding extracellular fluids in order to feed themselves or sample the molecules therein, hence gaining information about their environment. This process is cell-intrinsically incompatible with the migration of many cells, implying that the two functions are antagonistic. The migrating cell uses a molecular switch to stop and explore its surrounding fluid by macropinocytosis, after which it employs the same molecular machinery to start migrating again to examine another location. This cycle of migration/macropinocytosis allows cells to explore tissues, and it is key to a range of physiological processes. Evidence of this evolutionarily conserved antagonism between the two processes can be found in several cell types-immune cells, for example, being particularly adept-and ancient organisms (e.g., the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum). How macropinocytosis and migration are negatively coupled is the subject of this chapter.
胞吞作用是一种非特异性机制，通过该机制细胞强制性地“饮用”周围的细胞外液，以滋养自身或摄取其中的分子，从而获得有关其环境的信息。这个过程与许多细胞的迁移在细胞内部是不相容的，这意味着这两个功能是相互拮抗的。迁移细胞使用分子开关停止并探索其周围的流体通过胞吞作用，之后它使用相同的分子机制再次开始迁移以检查另一个位置。这种迁移/胞吞作用的循环使细胞能够探索组织，这是一系列生理过程的关键。这两个过程之间的这种进化保守的拮抗作用的证据可以在几种细胞类型中找到，例如免疫细胞特别擅长，以及古老的生物体（例如，社会性阿米巴 Dictyostelium discoideum）。胞吞作用和迁移如何负向偶联是本章的主题。
