基于经验得出的饮食模式及其与心理健康的关联：伊朗偏头痛患者的横断面样本（2019 - 2020年）
Empirically derived dietary patterns and their association with mental health: a cross-sectional sample of Iranian migraine patients (2019-2020).
作者信息
Arab Arman, Rafie Nahid, Hadi Amir, Khorvash Fariborz, Heidari Zahra, Askari Gholamreza
机构信息
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
出版信息
BMC Nutr. 2022 Apr 4;8(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s40795-022-00522-x.
OBJECTIVES
Based on a comprehensive search, we realized that there is no previous study conducted among migraine patients to assess the association between major dietary patterns and mental health. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the relationship between empirically-derived dietary patterns and depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of Iranian migraine patients.
METHODS
A total of 262 migraine patients (20-50 years) were selected through simple random sampling method for this study. Dietary intake during the previous year was determined using a validated 168-item, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and major dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA). For mental health evaluation, authors used the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS- 21) questionnaire. Statistical analysis included multinomial logistic regression analysis and results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
We identified three major dietary patterns including "traditional", "western", and "healthy". After controlling for potential confounders, those in the highest tertile of the healthy dietary pattern had lower odds of depression (OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.22, 0.88; P for trend: 0.030) and stress (OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.99; P for trend: 0.049). However, no significant association was observed between western and traditional dietary patterns and mental disorders.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, significant associations were documented between healthy dietary patterns and risk of depression and stress. Current findings urge migraine patients to increase their intakes of fruits, vegetables, eggs, whole grains, nuts and seeds, meat, and poultry and reduce the intake of fast foods and snacks, processed meat, fish, cola drink, condiments, dairy, and vegetable pickles to diminish the chance of depression and stress.
目的
通过全面检索，我们发现之前没有针对偏头痛患者开展过评估主要饮食模式与心理健康之间关联的研究。因此，本研究旨在探讨在伊朗偏头痛患者样本中，根据经验得出的饮食模式与抑郁、焦虑和压力之间的关系。
方法
本研究通过简单随机抽样方法选取了262名年龄在20至50岁之间的偏头痛患者。使用经过验证的168项半定量食物频率问卷（FFQ）确定前一年的饮食摄入量，并通过主成分分析（PCA）得出主要饮食模式。作者使用抑郁、焦虑和压力量表（DASS-21）问卷进行心理健康评估。统计分析包括多项逻辑回归分析，结果以比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI）表示。
结果
我们确定了三种主要饮食模式，即“传统”、“西方”和“健康”模式。在控制了潜在混杂因素后，处于健康饮食模式最高三分位数的人群患抑郁症（OR = 0.44，95% CI：0.22，0.88；趋势P值：0.030）和压力（OR = 0.50，95% CI：0.25，0.99；趋势P值：0.049）的几率较低。然而，未观察到西方饮食模式和传统饮食模式与精神障碍之间存在显著关联。
结论
总之，健康饮食模式与抑郁和压力风险之间存在显著关联。当前研究结果敦促偏头痛患者增加水果、蔬菜、鸡蛋、全谷物、坚果和种子、肉类及家禽的摄入量，减少快餐和零食、加工肉类、鱼类、可乐饮料、调味品、乳制品和蔬菜泡菜的摄入量，以降低患抑郁症和压力的几率。
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