Park Seon-Joo, Kim Myung-Sunny, Lee Hae-Jeung
Department of Food and Nutrition, College of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi 13120, Korea.
Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea.
Nutr Res Pract. 2019 Aug;13(4):316-322. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2019.13.4.316. Epub 2019 Jul 24.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The association between dietary patterns and depression has been reported but the results have been inconsistent. This study was conducted to investigate the association between dietary patterns and depression in middle-aged Korean adults.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: The participants were selected from a community-based cohort, a subset of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Depression was assessed using the Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and those with a BDI score ≥ 16 were defined as having depression. The subjects' food intakes over the year preceding the survey were estimated by using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified by using factor analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association of dietary pattern with depression.
Among 3,388 participants, 448 (13.2%) were identified as having depression. We identified two major dietary patterns: 'Healthy' dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of vegetables, soybeans, mushroom, seaweeds, white fish, shellfish and fruits and a low intake of white rice. 'Unhealthy' dietary pattern was characterized by high intakes of white rice, meats, ramen, noodles, bread and coffee and a low intake of rice with other grains. Compared with subjects in the lowest quartiles, those in the highest quartiles of the healthy dietary pattern had a significantly lower odds ratio (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42-0.82, for trend = 0.0037) after adjusting for potential confounders. In contrast, the unhealthy dietary pattern was negatively associated with depression (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.19-2.28, for trend = 0.0021).
This results suggest that a healthy dietary pattern (rich in vegetables, soybeans, mushroom, seaweeds, white fish, shellfish, and fruits) is associated with low risk of depression. Whereas an unhealthy dietary pattern (rich in white rice, meats, ramen, noodles, bread, and coffee) is associated with a high risk of depression in middle-aged Korean adults.
背景/目的：饮食模式与抑郁症之间的关联已有报道，但结果并不一致。本研究旨在调查韩国中年成年人饮食模式与抑郁症之间的关联。
对象/方法：参与者选自基于社区的队列，即韩国基因组与流行病学研究的一个子集。使用韩国版贝克抑郁量表（BDI）评估抑郁症，BDI得分≥16的参与者被定义为患有抑郁症。通过使用经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷来估计调查前一年受试者的食物摄入量。通过因子分析确定饮食模式。采用多元逻辑回归评估饮食模式与抑郁症的关联。
在3388名参与者中，448名（13.2%）被确定患有抑郁症。我们确定了两种主要饮食模式：“健康”饮食模式的特点是蔬菜、大豆、蘑菇、海藻、白鱼、贝类和水果摄入量高，白米摄入量低。“不健康”饮食模式的特点是白米、肉类、拉面、面条、面包和咖啡摄入量高，大米与其他谷物的摄入量低。与最低四分位数的受试者相比，在调整潜在混杂因素后，健康饮食模式最高四分位数的受试者的优势比显著更低（优势比=0.59，95%置信区间：0.42 - 0.82，趋势P值=0.0037）。相比之下，不健康饮食模式与抑郁症呈负相关（优势比=1.65，95%置信区间：1.19 - 2.28，趋势P值=0.0021）。
这些结果表明，健康的饮食模式（富含蔬菜、大豆、蘑菇、海藻、白鱼、贝类和水果）与抑郁症风险较低相关。而不健康的饮食模式（富含白米、肉类、拉面、面条、面包和咖啡）与韩国中年成年人患抑郁症的高风险相关。
