Center for Standardization Instrument of Sustainable Forest Management (formerly known as Forest Research and Development Agency), Bogor, Indonesia.
Silviculture Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.
PLoS One. 2022 Apr 6;17(4):e0262375. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262375. eCollection 2022.
In order to facilitate hydrological restoration, initiatives have been conducted to promote tree growth in degraded and rewetted peatlands in Indonesia. For these initiatives to be successful, tree seedlings need to be able to survive flooding episodes, with or without shade. We investigated the survival rates and the formation of adventitious roots in the case of four tree species exposed to combinations of different shading and water levels under controlled conditions in a nursery, with artificial rainwater and with peat soil as the medium. The research focused on the following questions (i) whether trees can grow on flooded peat soils; and (ii) which plant traits allow plants to cope with inundation, with or without shade. The four tree species compared (Shorea balangeran, Cratoxylum arborescens, Nephelium lappaceum and Durio zibethinus) include two natural pioneer and two farmer-preferred fruit trees. The experiment used a split-split plot design with 48 treatment combinations and at least 13 tree-level replicates. The study found that S. balangeran and C. arborescens had relatively high survival rates and tolerated saturated condition for 13 weeks, while N. lappaceum and D. zibethinus required non-saturated peat conditions. S. balangeran and C. arborescens developed adventitious roots to adapt to the inundated conditions. D. zibethinus, S. balangeran and N. lappaceum grew best under moderate (30%) shading levels, while C. arborescent grew best in full sunlight.
为了促进水文恢复，印度尼西亚已经采取了一些举措来促进退化和重新湿地化的泥炭地中的树木生长。为了使这些举措取得成功，树苗需要能够在有或没有遮荫的情况下挺过洪水泛滥期。我们在苗圃中，使用人工雨水和泥炭土作为介质，在受控条件下，研究了四个树种在不同遮荫和水位组合下的存活率和不定根的形成情况。研究重点关注以下问题：（i）树木是否可以在被淹没的泥炭土壤上生长；（ii）哪些植物特征使植物能够在有或没有遮荫的情况下应对洪水泛滥。所比较的四个树种（Balangeran 龙脑香、树状黄肉楠、榴梿和榴莲）包括两种天然先锋树种和两种农民首选的果树。该实验采用裂区设计，有 48 种处理组合，每个树种至少有 13 个重复。研究发现，Balangeran 龙脑香和树状黄肉楠的存活率相对较高，能够耐受饱和条件 13 周，而榴梿和榴莲则需要非饱和泥炭条件。Balangeran 龙脑香和树状黄肉楠发育不定根以适应淹没条件。榴莲、Balangeran 龙脑香和榴梿在中等（30%）遮荫水平下生长最好，而树状黄肉楠在全日照下生长最好。
