Almutairi Rahaf, Algezlan Sarah, Bayamin Rawan, Alrumaih Shawg, Almutairi Renad, Alkahtani Rahaf, Almazrou Abdulrahman A
Medical School, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU.
Ophthalmology, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU.
Cureus. 2022 Mar 1;14(3):e22736. doi: 10.7759/cureus.22736. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Background and objective Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most prevalent ocular diseases worldwide. DED symptoms can result from disturbances to the homeostasis of the middle tear film layer (aqueous layer), including inflammation, pain, and eye discomfort, which can have a negative impact on individuals' quality of life and daily activities. Sleep disorders are highly prevalent among patients with DED, and the incidence of sleep disturbances in DED patients has been reported to be as high as 40%. Decreased sleep quality can aggravate dry eye symptoms by increasing tear osmolarity and decreasing tear production. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between DED and sleep quality in the adult population of Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among adult patients aged 18 years and above in Saudi Arabia in August 2021. A validated Arabic version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality, and the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was employed to diagnose DED. Data collection and analysis were performed using the SPSS Statistics software (IBM, Armonk, NY). Results A total of 234 subjects were analyzed, and 59.8% of the participants were women. Our tool suggested that 71.4% of the included participants had severe DED, 15% had moderate DED, and 13.7% had mild DED. However, 40.6% of the participants reported that they had not been diagnosed with DED previously and 34.6% had no previous DED symptoms. The mean total PSQI score was 8.63 ±2.23, with the highest score recorded for component 2: sleep latency (1.73) and the lowest score recorded for component 4: habitual sleep efficiency (0.20). Poor sleep quality as assessed by PSQI showed a significant positive correlation with the severity of DED as assessed by OSDI. Conclusion The significant positive correlation between poor sleep quality and DED indicated that patients with DED had a higher risk of poor sleep quality compared to healthy patients. Patients with DED should be educated about the steps and techniques to improve their sleep patterns.
背景与目的 干眼症（DED）是全球最常见的眼部疾病之一。DED症状可能源于中间泪膜层（水液层）的稳态紊乱，包括炎症、疼痛和眼部不适，这会对个人生活质量和日常活动产生负面影响。睡眠障碍在DED患者中非常普遍，据报道DED患者睡眠障碍的发生率高达40%。睡眠质量下降会通过增加泪液渗透压和减少泪液分泌来加重干眼症状。在本研究中，我们旨在调查沙特阿拉伯成年人群中DED与睡眠质量之间的关联。
方法 这项横断面研究于2021年8月在沙特阿拉伯18岁及以上的成年患者中进行。使用经过验证的阿拉伯语版匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）评估睡眠质量，并采用眼表疾病指数（OSDI）问卷诊断DED。使用SPSS统计软件（IBM，纽约州阿蒙克）进行数据收集和分析。
结果 共分析了234名受试者，其中59.8%为女性。我们的工具显示，纳入的参与者中有71.4%患有重度DED，15%患有中度DED，13.7%患有轻度DED。然而，40.6%的参与者报告他们之前未被诊断出患有DED，34.6%的参与者之前没有DED症状。PSQI总平均分是8.63±2.23，其中第2项：入睡潜伏期得分最高（1.73），第4项：习惯性睡眠效率得分最低（0.20）。PSQI评估的睡眠质量差与OSDI评估的DED严重程度呈显著正相关。
结论 睡眠质量差与DED之间的显著正相关表明，与健康患者相比，DED患者睡眠质量差的风险更高。应教育DED患者改善睡眠模式的步骤和技巧。
