Laisuan Wannada
Division of Allergy Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Front Allergy. 2021 Dec 23;2:801322. doi: 10.3389/falgy.2021.801322. eCollection 2021.
Vaccine anaphylaxis is rare; however, severe allergic reactions after administration of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been reported. Excipients in the vaccine may play a role in severe allergic reactions post-vaccination. Various mechanisms, including IgE-mediated pathways, direct mass cell stimulation via the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor-X2, and complement pathway activation, have been proposed to cause the anaphylaxis. Skin testing, using the basophil activation test, has been used to clarify the mechanism of the anaphylaxis and provide safety information for the next injection. Here, we review the current evidence and suggested approaches for patients who experienced an immediate severe allergic reaction to the first dose of a COVID-19 vaccine.
疫苗过敏反应很少见；然而，已有报告称在接种2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫苗后出现严重过敏反应。疫苗中的辅料可能在接种后严重过敏反应中起作用。已提出多种机制，包括IgE介导的途径、通过Mas相关G蛋白偶联受体X2直接刺激肥大细胞以及补体途径激活，可导致过敏反应。使用嗜碱性粒细胞活化试验进行皮肤试验，已用于阐明过敏反应的机制，并为下次注射提供安全信息。在此，我们综述了当前证据以及针对首剂COVID-19疫苗出现即刻严重过敏反应患者的建议处理方法。
