Department of Epidemiology. School of Public Health and Management. Research Center for Medicine and Social Development. Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health. Chongqing Medical University.
2Health Management Center. Second Affiliated Hospital. Chongqing Medical University.
Nutr Hosp. 2022 Jun 24;39(3):537-546. doi: 10.20960/nh.04039.
Objectives: to evaluate the effect of sodium reduction based on a modified DASH diet on blood pressure in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. Material and methods: sixty-one hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes were selected from the community and randomly allocated to a common salt group and low sodium salt group receiving the 8-week dietary intervention, in which weeks 1-2 was the dietary guidance phase, weeks 3-4 was the centralized feeding phase, and weeks 5-8 was the home medical care phase. Participants were followed up in the hospital once a week to collect information on outpatient blood pressure, salt, and drug use. Physical examinations were conducted at 4 weeks and the end of the intervention, as well as at baseline. Results: after the intervention, the blood pressure of both the low sodium group (SBP: -14.32 mmHg, p < 0.001; DBP: -6.32mmHg, p < 0.001) and the common salt group (SBP: -10.98 mmHg, p < 0.001; DBP: -5.24 mmHg, p = 0.001) decreased significantly with a more pronounced decrease in the low sodium group but no statistically significant differences between the two groups (SBP: -0.28 mmHg, p = 0.929; DBP: -3.32 mmHg, p = 0.093). At the end of the intervention, sodium intake was significantly decreased, but potassium intake was increased in the low sodium group (p < 0.05); however, the common salt group had no significant change. Conclusion: reducing sodium intake based on the modified DASH diet had a good effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. Sodium reduction based on the modified DASH diet is safe and effective, and can be used as a guide for healthy living in hypertensive patients.
评估基于改良 DASH 饮食的减盐方案对伴 2 型糖尿病的高血压患者血压的影响。材料与方法：从社区中选取 61 例伴 2 型糖尿病的高血压患者，采用随机数字表法分为普通食盐组和低钠盐组，接受为期 8 周的饮食干预，其中第 1-2 周为饮食指导阶段，第 3-4 周为集中供餐阶段，第 5-8 周为家庭医疗照护阶段。每周 1 次在医院随访，收集门诊血压、盐及药物使用情况。在 4 周和干预结束时及基线时进行体格检查。结果：干预后，低钠盐组（SBP：-14.32mmHg，p＜0.001；DBP：-6.32mmHg，p＜0.001）和普通食盐组（SBP：-10.98mmHg，p＜0.001；DBP：-5.24mmHg，p=0.001）的血压均明显下降，且低钠盐组下降更明显，但两组间差异无统计学意义（SBP：-0.28mmHg，p=0.929；DBP：-3.32mmHg，p=0.093）。干预结束时，低钠盐组的钠摄入量明显减少，而钾摄入量增加（p＜0.05）；而普通食盐组则无明显变化。结论：基于改良 DASH 饮食的限盐方案对伴 2 型糖尿病的高血压患者的收缩压和舒张压均有较好的降压效果。基于改良 DASH 饮食的减盐方案安全有效，可作为高血压患者健康生活的指导。
