Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Gatineau, Québec, Canada.
Department of Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
J Adolesc. 2022 Apr;94(3):462-476. doi: 10.1002/jad.12040. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
Adolescents with an immigrant background, whether first-generation (born abroad) or second-generation (at least one parent born abroad), face challenges that could compromise their psychological adjustment compared to their third-plus generation peers. Yet, many are developing positively despite the presence of adversity. To understand what contributes to these adolescents' resilience, it can be useful to study the coping strategies they use.
A total of 1036 Canadian secondary school students participated in this quantitative cross-sectional study (M = 12.9; 56% females; 26% first-generation; 34% second generation; 39% third-plus generation). Coping strategies (coping orientation to problems experienced inventory) were assessed and their differentiated associations with self-esteem, anxiety (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders), and depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) were analyzed through path analysis and invariance testing.
First-generation adolescents reported more acceptance/reinterpretation and substance use than second- and third-plus generation adolescents. First- and second-generation adolescents reported using religion more than third-plus generation adolescents. First-generation adolescents used self-distraction more often than second-generation adolescents, who used it more often than third-plus generation. The use of humor was more prevalent in second-generation adolescents compared with their third-plus generation peers. In addition, some associations between coping strategies and psychological adjustment differed across generations. In first-generation adolescents, behavioral disengagement was significantly associated with fewer anxiety symptoms. The same trend was observed in second-generation adolescents who used self-distraction. These avoidant strategies are generally associated with poor psychological adjustment.
This study adds new knowledge about differences across generations in the coping strategies used by adolescents to deal with stress. Further practical implications are discussed.
与第三代及以上的同龄人相比，具有移民背景的青少年，无论是第一代（在国外出生）还是第二代（至少有一位父母在国外出生），都面临着可能影响其心理调整的挑战。然而，尽管逆境存在，许多人仍在积极发展。为了了解是什么促使这些青少年具备韧性，可以研究他们所使用的应对策略。
共有 1036 名加拿大中学生参与了这项定量横断面研究（M = 12.9；56%为女性；26%为第一代；34%为第二代；39%为第三代及以上）。通过路径分析和不变性检验，评估了应对策略（经历问题应对取向量表），并分析了它们与自尊、焦虑（儿童焦虑相关情绪障碍筛查）和抑郁症状（流行病学研究中心抑郁量表）的差异关联。
第一代青少年比第二和第三代青少年更多地报告接受/重新解释和使用物质。第一代和第二代青少年比第三代及以上青少年更多地使用宗教。第一代青少年比第二代青少年更频繁地使用自我分心，而第二代青少年比第三代及以上青少年更频繁地使用自我分心。与第三代青少年相比，第二代青少年更常使用幽默。此外，应对策略与心理调整之间的一些关联在代际之间存在差异。在第一代青少年中，行为脱离与较少的焦虑症状显著相关。在使用自我分心的第二代青少年中也观察到了同样的趋势。这些回避策略通常与较差的心理调整相关。
本研究增加了关于青少年在处理压力时使用的应对策略在不同代际之间存在差异的新知识。进一步讨论了实际意义。
