School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
Northeast Asian Studies College, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
J Adolesc. 2022 Apr;94(3):354-365. doi: 10.1002/jad.12027. Epub 2022 Feb 23.
Previous studies have examined family socioeconomic status (SES) and regional-level factors that predict adolescents' present subjective wellbeing (SWB). However, as adolescents' SWB tends to be future-oriented, this study examined the relationships between family SES and provincial-level economic, educational, and health-related factors and adolescents' present- and future-oriented SWB.
The sample includes 17,341 12- to 17-year-old adolescents (M = 13.86; SD = 0.79; 9056 girls and 8285 boys) from 31 different provinces of China. Multilevel modeling was used to analyze the data at two levels.
The findings showed that family SES (Level-1) was positively correlated with present life satisfaction (LS-P), present positive affect (PPA), hopeful future expectations (HFE), and positive affect toward future life (FPA), but negatively correlated with present negative affect (PNA) and negative affect toward future life (FNA). Provincial-level (Level-2) years of education per capita, average life expectancy, and human development index (HDI) were positively associated with LS-P, PPA, FPA, and HFE, and negatively associated with PNA; only average life expectancy was negatively associated with FNA. There was no association between gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and SWB. Simple slope analyses demonstrated that, in provinces with relatively less or short years of education per capita, GDP per capita, average life expectancy, or HDI, the correlations between family SES and present- and future-oriented negative affect were stronger.
The present- and future-oriented SWB of adolescents from families with low SES in underdeveloped areas was relatively poor. More psychologically focused education activities are needed for these adolescents.
先前的研究考察了家庭社会经济地位（SES）和预测青少年当前主观幸福感（SWB）的区域水平因素。然而，由于青少年的 SWB 往往具有未来导向性，本研究考察了家庭 SES 与省级经济、教育和健康相关因素与青少年当前和未来导向的 SWB 之间的关系。
该样本包括来自中国 31 个不同省份的 17341 名 12 至 17 岁的青少年（M=13.86；SD=0.79；9056 名女生和 8285 名男生）。使用多层模型对两个层次的数据进行分析。
研究结果表明，家庭 SES（一级）与当前生活满意度（LS-P）、当前积极情绪（PPA）、对未来的希望期望（HFE）和对未来生活的积极情绪（FPA）呈正相关，但与当前消极情绪（PNA）和对未来生活的消极情绪（FNA）呈负相关。省级（二级）人均受教育年限、平均预期寿命和人类发展指数（HDI）与 LS-P、PPA、FPA 和 HFE 呈正相关，与 PNA 呈负相关；只有平均预期寿命与 FNA 呈负相关。人均国内生产总值（GDP）与 SWB 无关。简单斜率分析表明，在人均受教育年限较少或较短的省份，人均 GDP、平均预期寿命或人类发展指数与家庭 SES 和当前及未来消极情绪之间的相关性更强。
来自欠发达地区低 SES 家庭的青少年的当前和未来导向的 SWB 相对较差。这些青少年需要更多关注心理健康的教育活动。
