Huang Yinghang, Wu Xiaojing, Tamim Muhaned, Jin Xiayun, Ma Lin, Xu Jie
School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268, Renmin Street, Changchun, 130024, Jilin Province, China.
Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Science in Universities in Jilin Province, Research Center of Mental Health Education in Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
BMC Psychol. 2025 Jun 23;13(1):628. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-03015-1.
The association between family socioeconomic status (SES) and adolescent well-being is complex, involving both present and future dimensions. This study examines perceived discrimination as a mediator in this association and grit as a potential moderator buffering the adverse effects of low SES and discrimination on adolescent well-being.
The study surveyed 2,202 students (53.3% male; ages 11-15 years) from Northeast China. The participants completed questionnaires assessing subjective socioeconomic status, objective socioeconomic status (parental education and occupation), perceived discrimination, grit, and both present- and future-oriented well-being. Mediation analyses and moderated mediation models were employed to test the hypothesized relationships.
Perceived discrimination mediated the association between both subjective and objective socioeconomic status (SES) and adolescent well-being, with comparable indirect effect magnitudes for both SES types. Grit moderated the association between perceived discrimination and well-being, and the direct association between objective socioeconomic status and well-being. Grit's moderating effects were stronger for future-oriented well-being compared to present well-being, indicating its relevance for long-term outcomes.
Findings indicate that family SES relates to adolescent well-being via perceived discrimination, and grit can mitigate these adverse impacts. This points to the potential value of interventions addressing systemic inequalities and strengthening psychological resources like grit among socioeconomically disadvantaged youth.
家庭社会经济地位（SES）与青少年幸福感之间的关联较为复杂，涉及当下和未来两个维度。本研究考察了感知到的歧视在这种关联中作为中介变量的作用，以及坚毅作为一种潜在的调节变量，缓冲低社会经济地位和歧视对青少年幸福感的不利影响。
该研究对来自中国东北的2202名学生（53.3%为男性；年龄在11至15岁之间）进行了调查。参与者完成了评估主观社会经济地位、客观社会经济地位（父母教育程度和职业）、感知到的歧视、坚毅以及当下和未来导向幸福感的问卷。采用中介分析和调节中介模型来检验假设的关系。
感知到的歧视在主观和客观社会经济地位（SES）与青少年幸福感之间起中介作用，两种社会经济地位类型的间接效应大小相当。坚毅调节了感知到的歧视与幸福感之间的关联，以及客观社会经济地位与幸福感之间的直接关联。与当下幸福感相比，坚毅对未来导向幸福感的调节作用更强，表明其与长期结果的相关性。
研究结果表明，家庭社会经济地位通过感知到的歧视与青少年幸福感相关，而坚毅可以减轻这些不利影响。这指出了干预措施解决系统性不平等以及增强社会经济弱势青年的心理资源（如坚毅）的潜在价值。
