Vohra Karn, Marais Eloise A, Bloss William J, Schwartz Joel, Mickley Loretta J, Van Damme Martin, Clarisse Lieven, Coheur Pierre-F
School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK.
Sci Adv. 2022 Apr 8;8(14):eabm4435. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abm4435.
Tropical cities are experiencing rapid growth but lack routine air pollution monitoring to develop prescient air quality policies. Here, we conduct targeted sampling of recent (2000s to 2010s) observations of air pollutants from space-based instruments over 46 fast-growing tropical cities. We quantify significant annual increases in nitrogen dioxide (NO) (1 to 14%), ammonia (2 to 12%), and reactive volatile organic compounds (1 to 11%) in most cities, driven almost exclusively by emerging anthropogenic sources rather than traditional biomass burning. We estimate annual increases in urban population exposure to air pollutants of 1 to 18% for fine particles (PM) and 2 to 23% for NO from 2005 to 2018 and attribute 180,000 (95% confidence interval: -230,000 to 590,000) additional premature deaths in 2018 (62% increase relative to 2005) to this increase in exposure. These cities are predicted to reach populations of up to 80 million people by 2100, so regulatory action targeting emerging anthropogenic sources is urgently needed.
热带城市正在迅速发展，但缺乏常规空气污染监测以制定具有前瞻性的空气质量政策。在此，我们对46个快速发展的热带城市基于天基仪器的近期（21世纪初至21世纪10年代）空气污染物观测数据进行了有针对性的采样。我们量化了大多数城市中二氧化氮（NO）（1%至14%）、氨（2%至12%）和活性挥发性有机化合物（1%至11%）的显著年度增长，几乎完全是由新出现的人为源而非传统生物质燃烧驱动的。我们估计，2005年至2018年期间，城市人口暴露于空气污染物中的细颗粒物（PM）年增长率为1%至18%，NO年增长率为2%至23%，并将2018年新增的18万例（95%置信区间：-23万至59万）过早死亡归因于暴露增加（相对于2005年增加了62%）。预计到2100年，这些城市的人口将达到8000万，因此迫切需要针对新出现的人为源采取监管行动。
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