College of Geographical Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, The People's Republic of China.
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, The People's Republic of China.
PLoS One. 2022 Apr 8;17(4):e0266517. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266517. eCollection 2022.
Coal dust is the main pollutant in coal mining areas. Such pollutants easily diffuse and are difficult to monitor, which increases the cost of environmental pollution control. Remote sensing technology can be used to dynamically monitor mining areas at a low cost, and thus, this is a common means of mining area management. According to the spectral characteristics of various ground objects in remote sensing images, a variety of remote sensing indexes can be constructed to extract the required information. In this study, the Wucaiwan open-pit coal mine was selected as the study area, and the Enhanced Coal Dust Index (ECDI) was established to extract the coal dust pollution information for the mining area. A new mining area pollution monitoring method was developed, which can provide technical support for environmental treatment and mining planning in Zhundong. The results of this study revealed the following: (1) Compared with the normalized difference coal index, the ECDI can expand the difference between the spectral information about the coal dust and the surrounding features, so it has a significant recognition ability for coal dust information. (2) From 2010 to 2021, the coal dust pollution in the study area initially increased and then decreased. With the continued exploitation of the coal mines in the study area, the coal dust pollution area increased from 14.77 km2 in 2010 to 69.49 km2 in 2014. After 2014, the local government issued various environmental pollution control policies, which had remarkable results. The coal dust pollution area decreased to 36.85 km2 and 17.85 km2 in 2018 and 2021, respectively. (3) There was a great deal of pollution around mines and roads, around which the pollution was more serious. Various factors, such as wind, coal type, and the mining, processing, and transportation modes, affect the distribution of the coal dust pollution.
煤尘是采煤区的主要污染物。这些污染物容易扩散，且难以监测，这增加了环境污染控制的成本。遥感技术可以低成本地动态监测矿区，因此，这是矿区管理的常用手段。根据遥感图像中各种地物的光谱特征，可以构建各种遥感指数来提取所需的信息。本研究选择五彩湾露天煤矿作为研究区，建立增强型煤尘指数（ECDI）来提取矿区的煤尘污染信息。开发了一种新的矿区污染监测方法，可以为准东地区的环境治理和采矿规划提供技术支持。研究结果表明：（1）与归一化差分煤指数相比，ECDI 可以扩大煤尘光谱信息与周围特征之间的差异，因此对煤尘信息具有显著的识别能力。（2）从 2010 年到 2021 年，研究区的煤尘污染先增加后减少。随着研究区煤矿的持续开采，煤尘污染面积从 2010 年的 14.77km2增加到 2014 年的 69.49km2。2014 年以后，当地政府发布了各种环境污染控制政策，取得了显著成效。煤尘污染面积分别在 2018 年和 2021 年减少至 36.85km2和 17.85km2。（3）矿区及周边道路周围污染严重，煤尘污染分布受风、煤种及开采、加工、运输方式等多种因素的影响。
