Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China.
Environ Pollut. 2018 Nov;242(Pt B):1587-1597. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.121. Epub 2018 Jul 30.
Residential combustion emission contributes significantly to ambient and indoor air pollution in China; however, this pollution source is poorly characterized and often overlooked in national pollution control policies. Few studies, and even fewer field-based investigations, have evaluated pollutant emissions from indoor biomass burning. One significant feature of Chinese household biofuel stoves is that many are built on site. In this study, 112 tests were conducted to investigate pollutant emission factors and variations for 11 fuel-stove combinations in actual use in the field. Results showed that, compared to those emission tests under controlled fuel burning conditions, EFs of methane, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, and organic carbon from the field-based uncontrolled tests were higher, but carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and elemental carbon were not significantly different. Controlled burning tests may be unrepresentative of real-world fuel burning. Pollutant emissions from uncontrolled burning tests had much higher variations compared with controlled tests. Most pollutant emissions from indoor straw burning are higher than that in open burning, except nitrogen oxides. The typical built-in-place home stoves in China had low efficiencies and high pollutant emissions that were rated as Tier 0 (the worst) or Tier 1 of a four-tier scale according to the International Organization for Standardization, International Workshop Agreement 11-2012. Effective interventions are expected to lower pollutant emissions from residential combustion to improve air quality and to protect human health.
住宅燃烧排放对中国的环境和室内空气污染有重大影响；然而，这一污染源在国家污染控制政策中描述不足，经常被忽视。很少有研究，甚至更少的实地调查，评估过室内生物质燃烧的污染物排放。中国家用生物质炉灶的一个显著特点是，许多都是现场建造的。在这项研究中，进行了 112 次测试，以实地考察 11 种燃料-炉灶组合在实际使用中的污染物排放因子和变化。结果表明，与受控燃料燃烧条件下的排放测试相比，基于现场的非受控测试中甲烷、二氧化硫、颗粒物和有机碳的排放因子更高，但一氧化碳、氮氧化物和元素碳没有显著差异。受控燃烧测试可能不能代表真实世界的燃料燃烧。与受控测试相比，非受控燃烧测试的污染物排放变化更大。与开放式燃烧相比，室内秸秆燃烧的大多数污染物排放更高，氮氧化物除外。中国典型的内置式家用炉灶效率低，污染物排放高，根据国际标准化组织、国际标准化组织 11-2012 年工作协议，被评为 Tier 0（最差）或 Tier 1。预计有效的干预措施将降低住宅燃烧的污染物排放，以改善空气质量和保护人类健康。
