Pereira Tatiane Nunes, Gomes Fabio da Silva, Carvalho Camila Maranha Paes de, Martins Ana Paula Bortoletto, Duran Ana Clara da Fonseca Leitão, Hassan Bruna Kulik, Cruz Joana Indjaian, Mais Laís Amaral, Ferraz Mariana de Araujo, Mialon Mélissa, Johns Paula, Bandeira Luisete Moraes
Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
Pan American Health Organization, Washington, U.S.A.
Cad Saude Publica. 2022 Apr 4;37Suppl 1(Suppl 1):e00153120. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00153120. eCollection 2022.
Regulatory measures are among the strategies for the promotion of adequate and healthy diet recommended by the Brazilian National Food and Nutrition Policy (PNAN). Although other actions in the promotion of adequate and healthy diet have made strides in Brazil, regulatory measures have made slow progress. The study aimed to identify and describe factors related to the development and implementation of the principal regulatory measures for the protection of adequate and healthy diet in Brazil in the last 20 years. This qualitative document study assessed a series of federal regulatory measures for the protection of adequate and healthy diet proposed or in discussion from 1999 to 2020. They include the regulation of food advertising, regulation of food product marketing in schools, implementation of mandatory front-of-package labeling on foods, and taxation of sugary drinks. Most of the barriers identified were strategies in corporate political activity led by the private sector, especially by the food industry. The Corporate political activity practices used in the various stages of policy processes include legal actions against the State, substitution of policies (suggesting voluntary or ineffective alternatives), opposition, fragmentation, and destabilization with attempts at support from the community. During the study period, none of the measures was approved. Given this scenario, barriers to the approval of regulatory measures for the protection of adequate and healthy diet need to be overcome in Brazil.
监管措施是巴西国家食品和营养政策（PNAN）推荐的促进充足且健康饮食的策略之一。尽管巴西在促进充足且健康饮食方面的其他行动取得了进展，但监管措施进展缓慢。该研究旨在识别和描述过去20年里巴西保护充足且健康饮食的主要监管措施的制定和实施相关因素。这项定性文献研究评估了1999年至2020年期间提出或正在讨论的一系列保护充足且健康饮食的联邦监管措施。它们包括食品广告监管、学校食品营销监管、食品强制实施包装正面标签以及对含糖饮料征税。所确定的大多数障碍是由私营部门，尤其是食品行业主导的企业政治活动策略。在政策制定过程的各个阶段所采用的企业政治活动做法包括对国家提起法律诉讼、政策替代（提出自愿或无效的替代方案）、反对、分化以及试图借助社区支持进行破坏稳定。在研究期间，没有一项措施获得批准。鉴于这种情况，巴西需要克服保护充足且健康饮食的监管措施批准方面的障碍。
