National Kidney Foundation of Samoa, Apia, Samoa.
Centre for Pacific Health, University of Otago Division of Health Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand.
BMJ Open. 2022 Apr 8;12(4):e056889. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056889.
In 2019, under the World Kidney Day theme of 'Kidney health for everyone everywhere', the National Kidney Foundation of Samoa undertook an extensive community screening campaign to detect the estimated prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its associated risk factors in the community.
Fifteen screening sites, with 11 urban and rural sites on the main island of Upolu, and 4 in different rural areas on the island of Savaii.
All participants were self-referrals to the various screening sites. In total, 1163 Samoans were screened, with similar numbers from both urban and rural areas and similar numbers of female and male.
All participants were screened for CKD using point of care serum creatinine determinations, with calculation of estimated glomerular filtration rate using the CKD-EPI formula and dipstix urinalysis. A standardised screening survey was used to capture demographic and medical history with associated risk factors of obesity, diabetes, using point of care determination of HbA1c and hypertension. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association of CKD with risk factors.
In total, 1163 people were screened for CKD within the month of March 2019. The prevalance of CKD (grades 1-5) was 44.5% (95% CI 41.6% to 47.4) with individual grade prevalence CKD 1: 3.7%, CKD 2: 6.1%, CKD 3: 30.7%, CKD 4: 2.9% and CKD 5: 1.0%. The prevalence of obesity (body mass index ≥32), diabetes and hypertension was 66.3%, 30.8% and 54.3%, respectively.
This is the first paper to report the estimated prevalence of CKD in Samoa or any other Pacific Island nation. It reveals an urgent need for further studies on the epidemiology of CKD in Samoa, to develop country-specific prevention strategies to mitigate this growing burden and prevent subsequent CKD associated complications including development of kidney failure and premature death.
2019 年，在世界肾脏日的主题“每个地方每个人的肾脏健康”下，萨摩亚国家肾脏基金会开展了广泛的社区筛查活动，以检测社区中慢性肾脏病（CKD）的估计患病率及其相关危险因素。
15 个筛查点，其中 11 个位于乌波卢岛的城乡地区，4 个位于萨瓦伊岛的不同农村地区。
所有参与者均自行前往各个筛查点。共有 1163 名萨摩亚人接受了筛查，城乡地区的人数相似，男女比例也相似。
所有参与者均使用即时检测血清肌酐测定法筛查 CKD，使用 CKD-EPI 公式和尿试纸法计算估算肾小球滤过率。使用标准化筛查调查来获取人口统计学和病史信息，以及与肥胖、糖尿病相关的危险因素，使用即时检测法测定 HbA1c 和高血压。使用逻辑回归来研究 CKD 与危险因素之间的关联。
2019 年 3 月，共有 1163 人接受了 CKD 筛查。CKD（1-5 级）的患病率为 44.5%（95%CI 41.6%-47.4%），各分级患病率为 CKD 1 级：3.7%，CKD 2 级：6.1%，CKD 3 级：30.7%，CKD 4 级：2.9%，CKD 5 级：1.0%。肥胖症（体重指数≥32）、糖尿病和高血压的患病率分别为 66.3%、30.8%和 54.3%。
这是第一篇报道萨摩亚或任何其他太平洋岛国 CKD 估计患病率的论文。它揭示了萨摩亚进一步研究 CKD 流行病学的迫切需要，以制定针对该国的预防策略，减轻这一日益严重的负担，预防随后的 CKD 相关并发症，包括肾衰竭和过早死亡的发生。
