Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Animal Cell Culture and Immunobiochemistry Lab, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Animal Cell Culture and Immunobiochemistry Lab, Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Aug 10;833:155085. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155085. Epub 2022 Apr 6.
The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) impacts public health due to the diminished potency of existing antibiotics. The microbiome plays an important role in the host's immune system activity and shows the history of exposure to antimicrobials and its manipulation in combating antimicrobial resistance. Advancements in gene technologies, DNA sequencing, and computational biology have emerged as powerful platforms to better understand the relationship between animals and microorganisms (MOs). The past few years have witnessed an increase in the use of nanotechnology, both in industry and in academia, as tools to tackle antimicrobial resistance. New strategies of microbiome manipulation have been developed, such as the use of prebiotics, probiotics, peptides, antibodies, an appropriate diet, phage therapy, and the use of various nanotechnological techniques. Owing to the research outcomes, targeted delivery of antimicrobials with some modifications with nanoparticles can lead to the destruction of resistant microbial cells. In addition, nanoparticles have been studied for their potential antimicrobial effects both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we highlight key opportunistic areas for applying nanotechnologies with the aim of manipulating the microbiome for the treatment of antimicrobial resistance. Besides providing a detailed review on various nanomaterials, technologies, opportunities, technical needs, and potential approaches for the manipulation of the microbiome to address these challenges, we discuss future challenges and our perspective.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）的出现降低了现有抗生素的效力，从而对公共卫生产生了影响。微生物组在宿主免疫系统活性中起着重要作用，并记录了接触抗菌药物及其对抗菌药物耐药性的操纵的历史。基因技术、DNA 测序和计算生物学的进步已经成为更好地理解动物和微生物（MOs）之间关系的强大平台。过去几年，纳米技术在工业和学术界中的应用都有所增加，被用作对抗抗菌药物耐药性的工具。已经开发出了微生物组操纵的新策略，例如使用益生元、益生菌、肽、抗体、适当的饮食、噬菌体治疗以及各种纳米技术技术。由于研究结果表明，经过一些修饰的载有抗菌药物的纳米颗粒可以靶向输送，从而破坏耐药微生物细胞。此外，已经研究了纳米颗粒在体外和体内的潜在抗菌作用。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了应用纳米技术的关键机会领域，旨在通过操纵微生物组来治疗抗菌药物耐药性。除了详细回顾各种纳米材料、技术、机会、技术需求和潜在方法来操纵微生物组以应对这些挑战外，我们还讨论了未来的挑战和我们的观点。
