Baaziz Hiba, Baker Zachary Robert, Franklin Hollyn Claire, Hsu Bryan Boen
Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
iScience. 2022 Mar 23;25(4):104146. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104146. eCollection 2022 Apr 15.
The human gut microbiota is considered an adjunct metabolic organ owing to its health impact. Recent studies have shown correlations between gut phage composition and host health. Whereas phage therapy has popularized virulent phages as antimicrobials, both virulent and temperate phages have a natural ecological relationship with their cognate bacteria. Characterization of this evolutionary coadaptation has led to other emergent therapeutic phage applications that do not necessarily rely on bacterial eradication or target pathogens. Here, we present an overview of the tripartite relationship between phages, bacteria, and the mammalian host, and highlight applications of the wildtype and genetically engineered phage for gut microbiome remodeling. In light of new and varied strategies, we propose to categorize phage applications aiming to modulate bacterial composition or function as "phage rehabilitation." By delineating phage rehab from phage therapy, we believe it will enable greater nuance and understanding of these new phage-based technologies.
由于对健康有影响，人类肠道微生物群被视为一个辅助代谢器官。最近的研究表明肠道噬菌体组成与宿主健康之间存在关联。虽然噬菌体疗法已使烈性噬菌体作为抗菌剂得到普及，但烈性噬菌体和温和噬菌体与其同源细菌都存在天然的生态关系。对这种进化协同适应的表征已带来其他新兴的治疗性噬菌体应用，这些应用不一定依赖于根除细菌或靶向病原体。在这里，我们概述了噬菌体、细菌和哺乳动物宿主之间的三方关系，并强调野生型和基因工程噬菌体在重塑肠道微生物组方面的应用。鉴于新的和多样的策略，我们建议将旨在调节细菌组成或功能的噬菌体应用归类为“噬菌体修复”。通过将噬菌体修复与噬菌体疗法区分开来，我们相信这将使人们对这些基于噬菌体的新技术有更细微的差别和理解。
