Saadat Nadia, Zhang Liying, Hyer Suzanne, Padmanabhan Vasantha, Woo Jennifer, Engeland Christopher G, Misra Dawn P, Giurgescu Carmen
University of Michigan, USA.
Wayne State University, USA.
Brain Behav Immun Health. 2022 Mar 24;22:100452. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100452. eCollection 2022 Jul.
African American women are reported to have greater inflammation compared with women from other racial groups. Higher inflammation during pregnancy has been associated with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. We hypothesized that maternal inflammation is related to depressive symptoms and social and behavioral risk factors among pregnant African American women. Pregnant African American women (n = 187) were recruited at prenatal clinics in the Midwest. Women completed questionnaires and had blood drawn at a prenatal visit. Plasma levels of cytokines (interferon gamma [IFN]-γ, interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured by multiplex assays. Women had a mean age of 26.58±5.42 years and a mean gestational age at data collection of 16.35±5.95 weeks. Twenty-six percent of women had Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scores ≥23 (scores that have been correlated with clinical diagnosis of depression), 15.5% smoked cigarettes, 16.6% used marijuana, and 5.3% reported experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). Higher CES-D scores were correlated with higher plasma CRP levels ( = 0.16, = 0.046). Women who reported any experiences of IPV during pregnancy had higher levels of IL-8 ( = 0.018) and lower levels of IFN-γ ( = 0.012) compared with women who did not report IPV. Cigarette smoking during pregnancy was associated with lower levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 ( = 0.003). These findings suggest that depressive symptoms, IPV, and cigarette smoking during pregnancy relate to select inflammatory markers in pregnant African American women. The relationships of inflammation with these factors should be further investigated to better understand the mechanisms which influence maternal and fetal health outcomes.
据报道，与其他种族群体的女性相比，非裔美国女性的炎症反应更为强烈。孕期炎症水平较高与不良围产期结局风险增加有关。我们假设，孕期非裔美国女性的母体炎症与抑郁症状以及社会和行为风险因素有关。在中西部地区的产前诊所招募了187名孕期非裔美国女性。这些女性在产前检查时完成问卷调查并进行血液采集。通过多重检测法测量血浆中细胞因子（γ干扰素[IFN]-γ、白细胞介素[IL]-6、IL-8、IL-10、肿瘤坏死因子[TNF]-α）和C反应蛋白（CRP）的水平。女性的平均年龄为26.58±5.42岁，数据收集时的平均孕周为16.35±5.95周。26%的女性流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）得分≥23分（该得分与抑郁症临床诊断相关），15.5%的女性吸烟，16.6%的女性使用大麻，5.3%的女性报告遭受亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）。较高的CES-D得分与较高的血浆CRP水平相关（r = 0.16，P = 0.046）。与未报告IPV的女性相比，报告孕期有任何IPV经历的女性IL-8水平较高（P = 0.018），IFN-γ水平较低（P = 0.012）。孕期吸烟与抗炎细胞因子IL-10水平较低有关（P = 0.003）。这些发现表明，孕期抑郁症状、IPV和吸烟与孕期非裔美国女性的特定炎症标志物有关。应进一步研究炎症与这些因素的关系，以更好地了解影响母婴健康结局的机制。
