Cardiovascular Area, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares CIBERCV;
Cardiovascular Area, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares CIBERCV.
J Vis Exp. 2022 Mar 23(181). doi: 10.3791/63616.
Large animal models, specifically swine, are widely used to research cardiovascular diseases and therapies, as well as for training purposes. This paper describes two different aneurysmal swine models that may help researchers to study new therapies for aneurysmal diseases. These aneurysmal models are created by surgically adding a pouch of tissue to carotid arteries in swine. When the model is used for research, the pouch must be autologous; for training purposes, a synthetic pouch suffices. First, the right external jugular vein (EJV) and right common carotid artery (CCA) must be surgically exposed. The EJV is ligated and a vein pouch fashioned from a short segment. This pouch is then sutured to an elliptical arteriotomy performed in the CCA. Animals must be kept heparinized during model creation, and local vasodilators may be used to decrease vasospasms. Once the suture is completed, correct blood flow should be inspected, checking for bleeding from the suture line and vessel patency. Finally, the surgical incision is closed by layers and an angiography performed to image the aneurysmal model. A simplification of this aneurysmal carotid model that decreases invasiveness and surgical time is the use of a synthetic, rather than venous, pouch. For this purpose, a pouch is tailored in advance with a segment of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) prosthesis, one end of which is sutured close using polypropylene vascular suture and sterilized prior to surgery. This "sac" is then attached to an arteriotomy performed in the CCA as described. Although these models do not reproduce many of the physiopathological events related to aneurysm formation, they are hemodynamically similar to the situation found in the clinical setting. Therefore, they can be used for research or training purposes, allowing physicians to learn and practice different endovascular techniques in animal models that are close to the human system.
大动物模型，特别是猪，被广泛用于研究心血管疾病和治疗方法，以及培训目的。本文描述了两种不同的动脉瘤猪模型，它们可能有助于研究新的动脉瘤疾病治疗方法。这些动脉瘤模型是通过在猪的颈动脉上手术添加一个组织囊来创建的。当模型用于研究时，该囊必须是自体的；出于培训目的，合成囊就足够了。首先，必须手术暴露右颈外静脉（EJV）和右颈总动脉（CCA）。结扎 EJV 并从短段制作静脉囊。然后将该囊缝合到在 CCA 上进行的椭圆形血管切开术。在模型创建期间，动物必须保持肝素化，并且可以使用局部血管扩张剂来减少血管痉挛。完成缝合后，应检查正确的血流情况，检查缝线和血管通畅性是否有出血。最后，通过分层关闭手术切口，并进行血管造影以成像动脉瘤模型。这种动脉瘤颈动脉模型的简化方法是使用合成的、而不是静脉的囊，从而减少了侵袭性和手术时间。为此，预先用一段聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）假体剪裁囊，其一端用聚丙烯血管缝线紧密缝合，并在手术前进行消毒。然后，将这个“囊”像前面描述的那样连接到在 CCA 上进行的血管切开术。尽管这些模型不能再现与动脉瘤形成相关的许多生理病理事件，但它们在血流动力学上与临床环境中发现的情况相似。因此，它们可以用于研究或培训目的，使医生能够在接近人体系统的动物模型中学习和实践不同的血管内技术。
