Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
Ann Intern Med. 2022 Apr;175(4):ITC49-ITC64. doi: 10.7326/AITC202204190. Epub 2022 Apr 12.
Community-acquired pneumonia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi and can be prevented through vaccination with pneumococcal, influenza, and COVID-19 vaccines. Diagnosis requires suggestive history and physical findings in conjunction with radiographic evidence of infiltrates. Laboratory testing can help guide therapy. Important issues in treatment include choosing the proper venue, timely initiation of the appropriate antibiotic or antiviral, appropriate respiratory support, deescalation after negative culture results, switching to oral therapy, and short treatment duration.
社区获得性肺炎是发病率和死亡率的重要原因。它可由细菌、病毒或真菌引起,可通过接种肺炎球菌、流感和 COVID-19 疫苗来预防。诊断需要提示性病史和体格检查结果,并结合浸润的放射影像学证据。实验室检测有助于指导治疗。治疗中的重要问题包括选择合适的场所、及时开始使用适当的抗生素或抗病毒药物、适当的呼吸支持、在培养结果为阴性后降级治疗、转为口服治疗以及缩短治疗时间。