Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
Intensive Care Research Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
Nutrients. 2022 Mar 30;14(7):1446. doi: 10.3390/nu14071446.
Nutrition management is a core component of intensive care medicine. Despite the increased use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for the critically ill, a paucity of evidence on nutrition management precludes recommendations for clinical practice. A scope of the available literature is required to guide future research on this topic. Database searches of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were conducted to identify original research articles and available grey literature in English from 1 January 1990 to 17 November 2021 that included adult patients (≥16 years) receiving NIV within an Intensive Care Unit. Data were extracted on: study design, aim, population, nutrition concept, context (ICU type, NIV: use, duration, interface), and outcomes. Of 1730 articles, 16 met eligibility criteria. Articles primarily included single-centre, prospective, observational studies with only 3 randomised controlled trials. Key concepts included route of nutrition ( = 7), nutrition intake ( = 4), energy expenditure ( = 2), nutrition status ( = 1), and nutrition screening ( = 1); 1 unpublished thesis incorporated multiple concepts. Few randomised clinical trials that quantify aspects of nutrition management for critically ill patients requiring NIV have been conducted. Further studies, particularly those focusing on the impact of nutrition during NIV on clinical outcomes, are required to inform clinical practice.
营养管理是重症监护医学的核心组成部分。尽管越来越多地使用无创通气（NIV）来治疗危重症患者，但由于缺乏营养管理方面的证据，无法为临床实践提供建议。需要对现有文献进行范围界定，以指导该主题的未来研究。对 MEDLINE、Embase、Scopus、Web of Science 和 Google Scholar 进行数据库检索，以确定从 1990 年 1 月 1 日至 2021 年 11 月 17 日期间以英文发表的、包含在重症监护病房接受 NIV 的成年患者（≥16 岁）的原始研究文章和可用灰色文献。提取的数据包括：研究设计、目的、人群、营养概念、背景（重症监护类型、NIV：使用、持续时间、接口）和结果。在 1730 篇文章中，有 16 篇符合入选标准。这些文章主要包括单中心、前瞻性、观察性研究，仅有 3 项随机对照试验。关键概念包括营养途径（=7）、营养摄入（=4）、能量消耗（=2）、营养状况（=1）和营养筛查（=1）；1 篇未发表的论文包含了多个概念。已经进行了少数随机临床试验来量化需要接受 NIV 的危重症患者的营养管理方面。需要进一步研究，特别是关注 NIV 期间营养对临床结果的影响，以指导临床实践。
