Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio Snc, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy.
Cells. 2022 Apr 6;11(7):1237. doi: 10.3390/cells11071237.
Chronic inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been recently identified as a major contributor to disease pathogenesis. Once activated, microglial cells, which are brain-resident immune cells, exert several key actions, including phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and the release of pro- or anti-inflammatory mediators, which could have opposite effects on brain homeostasis, depending on the stage of disease and the particular phenotype of microglial cells. The endocannabinoids (eCBs) are pleiotropic bioactive lipids increasingly recognized for their essential roles in regulating microglial activity both under normal and AD-driven pathological conditions. Here, we review the current literature regarding the involvement of this signalling system in modulating microglial phenotypes and activity in the context of homeostasis and AD-related neurodegeneration.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）中的慢性炎症最近被确定为疾病发病机制的主要因素。一旦被激活，作为驻留于大脑的免疫细胞，小胶质细胞会发挥多种关键作用，包括吞噬作用、趋化作用以及释放促炎或抗炎介质，这可能会根据疾病的阶段和小胶质细胞的特定表型对大脑的内稳态产生相反的影响。内源性大麻素（eCBs）是多效生物活性脂质，它们在调节小胶质细胞活性方面的重要作用在正常和 AD 驱动的病理条件下均得到了越来越多的认识。在这里，我们回顾了关于该信号系统在调节小胶质细胞表型和活性方面的最新文献，这些研究涉及到内稳态和与 AD 相关的神经退行性变的背景。
