Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Medical Center, Boca Raton, Florida, USA.
J Cell Physiol. 2024 Jun;239(6):e30829. doi: 10.1002/jcp.30829. Epub 2022 Jul 13.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease that is responsible for about one-third of dementia cases worldwide. It is believed that AD is initiated with the deposition of Ab plaques in the brain. Genetic studies have shown that a high number of AD risk genes are expressed by microglia, the resident macrophages of brain. Common mode of action by microglia cells is neuroinflammation and phagocytosis. Moreover, it has been discovered that inflammatory marker levels are increased in AD patients. Recent studies advocate that neuroinflammation plays a major role in AD progression. Microglia have different activation profiles depending on the region of brain and stimuli. In different activation, profile microglia can generate either pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses. Microglia defend brain cells from pathogens and respond to injuries; also, microglia can lead to neuronal death along the way. In this review, we will bring the different roles played by microglia and microglia-related genes in the progression of AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的神经退行性疾病，占全球痴呆病例的三分之一。据认为，AD 是由大脑中 Ab 斑块的沉积引发的。遗传研究表明，大量 AD 风险基因由大脑中的常驻巨噬细胞小胶质细胞表达。小胶质细胞的常见作用模式是神经炎症和吞噬作用。此外，已经发现 AD 患者的炎症标志物水平升高。最近的研究主张神经炎症在 AD 进展中起主要作用。小胶质细胞根据大脑区域和刺激的不同而具有不同的激活谱。在不同的激活谱中，小胶质细胞可以产生促炎或抗炎反应。小胶质细胞可以保护脑细胞免受病原体侵害并对损伤做出反应；此外，小胶质细胞也可能导致神经元死亡。在这篇综述中，我们将介绍小胶质细胞及其相关基因在 AD 进展中所扮演的不同角色。
