House Megan A, Young Lester W, Robinson Stephen J, Booker Helen M
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2, Canada.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Mar 24;11(7):860. doi: 10.3390/plants11070860.
Canada is one of the world's leading producers and exporters of flax seed, with most production occurring in the Prairie Provinces. However, reduced season length and risk of frost restricts production in the northern grain belt of the Canadian Prairies. To expand the growing region of flax and increase production in Canada, flax breeders need to develop earlier-flowering varieties capable of avoiding the risk of abiotic stress. A thorough understanding of flowering control of flax is essential for the efficient breeding of such lines. We identified 722 putative flax flowering genes that span all major flowering-time pathways. Frequently, we found multiple flax homologues for a single Arabidopsis flowering gene. We used RNA sequencing to quantify the expression of genes in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) at 10, 15, 19, and 29 days after planting (dap) using the 'Royal' cultivar. We observed the expression of 80% of putative flax flowering genes and the differential expression of only 30%; these included homologues of major flowering regulators, such as , and . We also found enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in transcription factor (TF) families involved in flowering. Finally, we identified the candidates' novel flowering genes amongst the uncharacterized flax genes. Our transcriptomic dataset provides a useful resource for investigating the regulatory control of the transition to flowering in flax and for the breeding of northern-adapted varieties.
加拿大是世界主要的亚麻籽生产国和出口国之一，大部分产量集中在草原三省。然而，生长季节缩短和霜冻风险限制了加拿大大草原北部谷物带的产量。为了扩大亚麻的种植区域并增加加拿大的产量，亚麻育种者需要培育能够避免非生物胁迫风险的早花品种。深入了解亚麻的开花控制对于高效培育此类品系至关重要。我们鉴定了722个推定的亚麻开花基因，它们涵盖了所有主要的开花时间途径。我们经常发现单个拟南芥开花基因有多个亚麻同源物。我们使用RNA测序来量化种植后10、15、19和29天（dap）时茎尖分生组织（SAM）中基因的表达，使用的品种是“Royal”。我们观察到80%的推定亚麻开花基因的表达，只有30%的基因差异表达；这些基因包括主要开花调节因子的同源物，如 、 和 。我们还发现参与开花的转录因子（TF）家族中差异表达基因（DEG）的富集。最后，我们在未表征的亚麻基因中鉴定出候选的新开花基因。我们的转录组数据集为研究亚麻向开花转变的调控控制以及培育适应北方的品种提供了有用的资源。
