Belmonte Eliana, Arriaza Bernardo, Arismendi Mabel, Sepúlveda German
Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000007, Chile.
Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000007, Chile.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Mar 24;11(7):870. doi: 10.3390/plants11070870.
In the extreme north of Chile, the genus L. (Bromeliaceae) is represented by three native species, Till & Vitek and Phil., both of terrestrial atmospheric habit, and Ruiz & Pav. of saxicolous habit. There is little information on the foliar structures that allow its establishment in arid environments. Therefore, we studied the leaf anatomy of each of these terrestrial and saxicolous atmospheric species from different altitudinal levels (1000 and 3000 m) in the Arica and Parinacota regions of the Atacama Desert. All populations are monospecific. The study considered scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and the fingernail polish technique. The surface distribution of stomata and trichomes of the species is described. The studied species presented hypostomatic leaves, with anomocytic stomata and peltate trichomes on the abaxial and adaxial sides. Trichomes are formed by a central disc of four equal-sized empty cells, surrounded by a peripheral series of several concentric rings, the innermost of eight, the second of sixteen and the outermost of multiple elongated cells, one cell thick, that form the flexible asymmetric wings. The number of wing cells varies according to the species. Trichomes are evenly arranged in long lanceolate leaf blades with smooth margins.
在智利的最北部，凤梨属（凤梨科）有三种本土物种代表，即蒂尔和维特所描述的以及菲利普所描述的，二者均为陆生气生习性，还有鲁伊斯和帕冯所描述的石生习性的物种。关于使其能在干旱环境中生存的叶片结构的信息很少。因此，我们研究了阿塔卡马沙漠阿里卡和帕里纳科塔地区不同海拔高度（1000米和3000米）的这些陆生和气生石生物种的叶片解剖结构。所有种群都是单种的。该研究采用了扫描电子显微镜、光学显微镜和指甲油技术。描述了这些物种气孔和毛状体的表面分布情况。所研究的物种叶片下表皮有气孔，气孔为不规则型，叶片正反两面均有盾状毛状体。毛状体由四个大小相等的中空细胞组成的中央盘状体构成，周围是一系列由几个同心环组成的外周部分，最里面一层有八个细胞，第二层有十六个细胞，最外面一层是多个细长细胞，一层细胞厚，形成灵活的不对称翼。翼细胞的数量因物种而异。毛状体在边缘光滑的长披针形叶片上均匀排列。
