Noar Roslyn D, Thomas Elizabeth, Daub Margaret E
NSF Center for Integrated Pest Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Mar 31;11(7):948. doi: 10.3390/plants11070948.
The international importance of banana and severity of black Sigatoka disease have led to extensive investigations into the genetic characteristics and metabolic interactions between the Dothideomycete and its banana host. was shown to have a greatly expanded genome compared to other Dothideomycetes, due to the proliferation of retrotransposons. Genome analysis suggests the presence of dispensable chromosomes that may aid in fungal adaptation as well as pathogenicity. Genomic research has led to the characterization of genes and metabolic pathways involved in pathogenicity, including: secondary metabolism genes such as , genes for mitogen-activated protein kinases such as and , and genes for cell wall proteins such as glucosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) and glycophospholipid surface (Gas) proteins. Studies conducted on resistance mechanisms in banana have documented the role of jasmonic acid and ethylene pathways. With the development of banana transformation protocols, strategies for engineering resistance include transgenes expressing antimicrobial peptides or hydrolytic enzymes as well as host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) targeting pathogenicity genes. has been identified as having high evolutionary potential, given its large genome size, ability to reproduce both sexually and asexually, and long-distance spore dispersal. Thus, multiple control measures are needed for the sustainable control of black Sigatoka disease.
香蕉的国际重要性以及香蕉叶斑病的严重性促使人们对座囊菌纲真菌与其香蕉寄主之间的遗传特征和代谢相互作用展开了广泛研究。结果表明，与其他座囊菌纲真菌相比，该真菌的基因组因反转录转座子的增殖而大幅扩展。基因组分析表明存在一些可有可无的染色体，这些染色体可能有助于真菌的适应性以及致病性。基因组研究已确定了与致病性相关的基因和代谢途径，包括：如某些基因参与的次生代谢、如某些基因参与的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶以及如糖基磷脂酰肌醇（GPI）和糖磷脂表面（Gas）蛋白等细胞壁蛋白相关基因。对香蕉抗性机制的研究记录了茉莉酸和乙烯途径的作用。随着香蕉转化方案的发展，培育抗性的策略包括表达抗菌肽或水解酶的转基因以及针对致病性基因的寄主诱导基因沉默（HIGS）。鉴于其基因组规模大、有性和无性繁殖能力以及远距离孢子传播能力，该真菌被认为具有很高的进化潜力。因此，需要采取多种控制措施来可持续地控制香蕉叶斑病。
