Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, in IRC-FSH Center, Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro Italy, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro Italy, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 28;23(7):3698. doi: 10.3390/ijms23073698.
The maintenance of the physiological values of blood pressure is closely related to unchangeable factors (genetic predisposition or pathological alterations) but also to modifiable factors (dietary fat and salt, sedentary lifestyle, overweight, inappropriate combinations of drugs, alcohol abuse, smoking and use of psychogenic substances). Hypertension is usually characterized by the presence of a chronic increase in systemic blood pressure above the threshold value and is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, stroke, micro- and macro-vascular diseases. Hypertension is closely related to functional changes in the endothelium, such as an altered production of vasoconstrictive and vasodilator substances, which lead to an increase in vascular resistance. These alterations make the endothelial tissue unresponsive to autocrine and paracrine stimuli, initially determining an adaptive response, which over time lead to an increase in risk or disease. The gut microbiota is composed of a highly diverse bacterial population of approximately 10 bacteria. A balanced intestinal microbiota preserves the digestive and absorbent functions of the intestine, protecting from pathogens and toxic metabolites in the circulation and reducing the onset of various diseases. The gut microbiota has been shown to produce unique metabolites potentially important in the generation of hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. This review highlights the close connection between hypertension, endothelial dysfunction and gut microbiota.
血压的生理值的维持与不可改变的因素（遗传易感性或病理改变）密切相关，但也与可改变的因素（饮食中的脂肪和盐、久坐的生活方式、超重、药物的不当组合、酒精滥用、吸烟和使用精神类物质）有关。高血压通常的特征是全身血压在阈值以上慢性升高，是心血管疾病的一个重要危险因素，包括心肌梗死、中风、微血管和大血管疾病。高血压与内皮功能的变化密切相关，如血管收缩和血管舒张物质的产生改变，导致血管阻力增加。这些改变使内皮组织对内源性和旁分泌刺激无反应，最初导致适应性反应，随着时间的推移，导致风险或疾病的增加。肠道微生物群由大约 10 种细菌组成的高度多样化的细菌种群组成。平衡的肠道微生物群保留了肠道的消化和吸收功能，防止病原体和有毒代谢物在循环中，并减少各种疾病的发生。肠道微生物群已被证明能产生独特的代谢物，这些代谢物可能在高血压和内皮功能障碍的产生中起重要作用。这篇综述强调了高血压、内皮功能障碍和肠道微生物群之间的密切联系。
