Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 24;19(7):3859. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19073859.
Country-specific estimates of tobacco use among people living with HIV (PLWH) are lacking for much of sub-Saharan Africa. We aim to evaluate the association between the HIV status and tobacco product use status, frequency, and intensity, using nationally representative data from Zambia. We analyzed data from the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey conducted in Zambia among women aged 15-49 years and men aged 15-59 years. We performed logistic regression to assess the associations of HIV status, selected sociodemographic, and other characteristics with indicators of tobacco use (i.e., status, frequency, and intensity). Among women, 14.3% tested positive for HIV and 2.7% reported current smoking or tobacco use; women living with HIV were more likely to report currently smoking or using tobacco than women living without HIV (4.4% vs. 2.4%; aPR: 1.46). Among men, 8.4% tested positive for HIV and 19.5% reported current smoking; men living with HIV were more likely than men living without HIV to report current smoking (27.8% vs. 18.7%; aPR: 1.22). Several sociodemographic characteristics were associated with tobacco use, including age, residence (urban/rural), education level, employment status, and wealth index. The frequency and intensity of smoking among men who currently smoked did not differ by HIV status. Tobacco use was more likely in PLWH than those without HIV in Zambia. Our findings highlight the need to encourage and support tobacco cessation among PLWH, possibly by offering cessation services at existing intersections with health care or integrating cessation support into mHealth and other alternative models of care.
在撒哈拉以南非洲的大部分地区，缺乏针对艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）烟草使用情况的特定国家估计。我们旨在使用来自赞比亚的全国代表性数据评估 HIV 状况与烟草制品使用状况、频率和强度之间的关联。我们分析了 2018 年在赞比亚进行的针对 15-49 岁女性和 15-59 岁男性的人口与健康调查的数据。我们进行逻辑回归分析，以评估 HIV 状况、选定的社会人口学和其他特征与烟草使用指标（即状况、频率和强度）之间的关联。在女性中，14.3%的人 HIV 检测呈阳性，2.7%的人报告目前吸烟或使用烟草；感染 HIV 的女性比未感染 HIV 的女性更有可能报告目前吸烟或使用烟草（4.4%对 2.4%；调整后的比值比[aPR]：1.46）。在男性中，8.4%的人 HIV 检测呈阳性，19.5%的人报告目前吸烟；感染 HIV 的男性比未感染 HIV 的男性更有可能报告目前吸烟（27.8%对 18.7%；aPR：1.22）。几个社会人口学特征与烟草使用有关，包括年龄、居住地（城市/农村）、教育水平、就业状况和财富指数。目前吸烟的男性中，吸烟频率和强度因 HIV 状况而异。在赞比亚，感染 HIV 的人比未感染 HIV 的人更有可能使用烟草。我们的研究结果强调了在赞比亚鼓励和支持 PLWH 戒烟的必要性，可能的方法是在现有与医疗保健的交叉点提供戒烟服务，或在移动医疗和其他替代护理模式中整合戒烟支持。
