Department of Medicine 2, Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia and University of Perugia, Santa Maria Hospital, Perugia, Italy.
Current Address: Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Piazzale Menghini 1, 06129, Perugia, Italy.
BMC Public Health. 2020 May 20;20(1):734. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08862-8.
Tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable diseases and death for all individuals, even more so for people living with HIV (PLWH), due to their status of chronic inflammation. To date, in Italy no study was performed to compare smoking habits in PLWH and the general population. We aimed to investigate smoking habits in PLWH, as compared to the general population.
Multi-center cross-sectional study. Smoking habits were compared between PLWH and the general population. PLWH were enrolled in the STOPSHIV Study. The comparison group from the general population was derived from a survey performed by the National Statistics Institute (ISTAT), with a stratified random sampling procedure matching 2:1 general population subjects with PLWH by age class, sex, and macro-area of residence.
The total sample consisted of 1087 PLWH (age 47.9 ± 10.8 years, male 73.5%) and 2218 comparable subjects from the general population. Prevalence of current smokers was 51.6% vs 25.9% (p < 0.001); quitting smoking rate was 27.1% vs. 50.1% (p < 0.001) and the mean number of cigarettes smoked per day was 15.8 vs. 11.9 (p < 0.001), respectively for PLWH and the general population. Smoking and heavy smoking rates amongst PLWH were significantly higher even in subjects who reported diabetes, hypertension and extreme obesity (p < 0.001). Logistic regressions showed that PLWH were more likely current smokers (adjusted Odds Ratio, aOR = 3.11; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) =2.62-3.71; p < 0.001) and heavy smokers (> 20 cigarettes per day) (aOR = 4.84; 95% CI = 3.74-6.27; p < 0.001). PLWH were less likely to have quitted smoking (aOR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.29-0.46; p < 0.001).
HIV-infected patients showed a higher rate of current smokers, a larger number of cigarettes smoked and a lower quitting rate than the general population. Our findings emphasize the need for smoking cessation strategies targeting HIV persons.
吸烟是所有个体预防疾病和死亡的主要原因，对于艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）更是如此，因为他们处于慢性炎症状态。迄今为止，意大利尚未对 PLWH 的吸烟习惯与普通人群进行比较。我们旨在调查 PLWH 的吸烟习惯，并与普通人群进行比较。
多中心横断面研究。比较 PLWH 和普通人群的吸烟习惯。PLWH 参加了 STOP HIV 研究。普通人群的对照组来自国家统计局（ISTAT）进行的一项调查，采用分层随机抽样程序，按照年龄、性别和居住大区将普通人群与 PLWH 以 2:1 的比例进行匹配。
总样本包括 1087 名 PLWH（年龄 47.9±10.8 岁，男性 73.5%）和 2218 名可比普通人群。当前吸烟者的患病率分别为 51.6%和 25.9%（p<0.001）；戒烟率分别为 27.1%和 50.1%（p<0.001），每日吸烟量分别为 15.8 支和 11.9 支（p<0.001）。PLWH 中的吸烟和重度吸烟率即使在报告患有糖尿病、高血压和极度肥胖的人群中也明显更高（p<0.001）。逻辑回归显示，PLWH 更有可能是当前吸烟者（调整后的优势比，aOR=3.11；95%置信区间（CI）=2.62-3.71；p<0.001）和重度吸烟者（>20 支/天）（aOR=4.84；95%CI=3.74-6.27；p<0.001）。PLWH 更不可能戒烟（aOR=0.36；95%CI=0.29-0.46；p<0.001）。
与普通人群相比，HIV 感染者的现吸烟率更高、吸烟量更大且戒烟率更低。我们的研究结果强调需要针对 HIV 感染者制定戒烟策略。
