Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Ciudad Real Faculty of Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 24;19(7):3858. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19073858.
The transition to college is a decisive stage for the acquisition of eating habits that continue into adulthood. The aim of this study is to assess the consumption of healthy elements of the Mediterranean diet in a group of university students and to evaluate whether the consumption pattern was related to sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), food addiction or the amount of physical activity performed. A total of 515 nursing students participated. The Mediterranean diet adherence questionnaire (PREDIMED), the food addiction scale (YFAS 2.0) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were completed. For data analysis, multivariate analysis was performed with multiple linear regression and adjusted for sex, age, and BMI. The results showed that females consumed various types of meats (white/red, processed) in a healthier proportion (p < 0.05). Students that consumed more than one per day (unhealthy) of red/processed meats (mean difference (MD) = −0.49; 95% CI: −0.83; −0.15), soft drinks (MD = −0.82; 95% CI: 82−1.36; −0.27) and pastries (MD = −0.63; 95% CI: −0.97; −0.30) displayed higher food addiction scores. In addition, students who skipped breakfast also scored higher on food addiction (MD = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.31−1.19). Higher values of physical activity were observed in those who presented a healthy consumption of vegetables (MD = 140.86; 95% CI: 72.71−209.02), fruit (MD = 145.78; 95% CI: 69.35−222.21), legumes (MD = 136.46; 95% CI: 60.43−212.50) and nuts (MD = 74.36; 95% CI: 14.23−134.49). Students who consumed more red or processed meats, more pastries and more soft drinks had higher values of food addiction, while those who consumed more vegetables, fruits, legumes, and nuts had more minutes of physical activity per week. These findings invite us to insist on expanding knowledge regarding the health benefits of consuming a Mediterranean-type diet as a whole. The healthy consumption of fish, fruit and legumes should also be emphasized, especially among university students.
大学生正处于饮食习惯形成的关键阶段，这种饮食习惯会延续到成年。本研究旨在评估一组大学生对地中海饮食健康元素的摄入情况，并评估这种摄入模式是否与性别、体重指数（BMI）、食物成瘾或体育活动量有关。共有 515 名护理专业学生参与了研究。研究人员完成了地中海饮食依从性问卷（PREDIMED）、食物成瘾量表（YFAS 2.0）和国际体力活动问卷（IPAQ）。数据分析采用多元线性回归进行，调整了性别、年龄和 BMI 等因素。结果显示，女性摄入各种类型的肉类（白肉/红肉、加工肉）更为健康（p<0.05）。每天食用超过一份（不健康）的红肉/加工肉（平均差异（MD）=-0.49；95%CI：-0.83；-0.15）、软饮料（MD=-0.82；95%CI：82-1.36；-0.27）和糕点（MD=-0.63；95%CI：-0.97；-0.30）的学生，食物成瘾得分更高。此外，不吃早餐的学生食物成瘾得分也更高（MD=0.75；95%CI：0.31-1.19）。那些健康食用蔬菜（MD=140.86；95%CI：72.71-209.02）、水果（MD=145.78；95%CI：69.35-222.21）、豆类（MD=136.46；95%CI：60.43-212.50）和坚果（MD=74.36；95%CI：14.23-134.49）的学生，其体育活动量也更高。摄入更多红肉或加工肉、糕点和软饮料的学生，食物成瘾得分更高，而摄入更多蔬菜、水果、豆类和坚果的学生，每周的体育活动量也更多。这些发现提醒我们，要加强宣传地中海饮食模式的健康益处。还应特别强调大学生健康食用鱼类、水果和豆类。
